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Background <p><i>Krascheninnikovia arborescens</i> is a drought-tolerant subshrub of the Amaranthaceae family that is endemic to China and plays an important role in desert ecosystems. However, little is known about the structure and evolutionary dynamics of its organellar genomes. In this study, we assembled and characterized the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of <i>K. arborescens</i> using long-read sequencing data.</p> Results <p>The mitochondrial genome was assembled as a master circular genome representation of 387,891&#xa0;bp and contains 62 annotated genes, whereas the chloroplast genome exhibits a typical quadripartite structure of 152,039&#xa0;bp with 90 genes. The mitochondrial genome harbors abundant repetitive sequences and multiple plastid-derived insertions, indicating a dynamic structural organization. In contrast, gene content remains highly conserved, and all core protein-coding genes show signatures of purifying selection, particularly those involved in ATP synthesis and respiratory metabolism. Predicted RNA editing sites differ substantially between the two organelles, suggesting distinct post-transcriptional modification patterns. Phylogenetic analyses based on shared organellar genes consistently place <i>K. arborescens</i> within Amaranthaceae and support its evolutionary relationships within Caryophyllales. These results reveal a combination of structural dynamism and functional conservation in the organellar genomes of <i>K. arborescens</i>.</p> Conclusion <p>This study provides a foundation for future comparative and evolutionary studies of Amaranthaceae and expands genomic resources for this family.</p>

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Comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of Krascheninnikovia arborescens reveals its evolutionary features in Amaranthaceae

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Mingliang Wang,
  • Mengyue Wang,
  • Jialu Liang,
  • Yuying Han,
  • Ruifeng Yang,
  • Meilin Yang,
  • Dongyi Ma,
  • Jinglong Li,
  • Chien-Hsun Huang

摘要

Background

Krascheninnikovia arborescens is a drought-tolerant subshrub of the Amaranthaceae family that is endemic to China and plays an important role in desert ecosystems. However, little is known about the structure and evolutionary dynamics of its organellar genomes. In this study, we assembled and characterized the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of K. arborescens using long-read sequencing data.

Results

The mitochondrial genome was assembled as a master circular genome representation of 387,891 bp and contains 62 annotated genes, whereas the chloroplast genome exhibits a typical quadripartite structure of 152,039 bp with 90 genes. The mitochondrial genome harbors abundant repetitive sequences and multiple plastid-derived insertions, indicating a dynamic structural organization. In contrast, gene content remains highly conserved, and all core protein-coding genes show signatures of purifying selection, particularly those involved in ATP synthesis and respiratory metabolism. Predicted RNA editing sites differ substantially between the two organelles, suggesting distinct post-transcriptional modification patterns. Phylogenetic analyses based on shared organellar genes consistently place K. arborescens within Amaranthaceae and support its evolutionary relationships within Caryophyllales. These results reveal a combination of structural dynamism and functional conservation in the organellar genomes of K. arborescens.

Conclusion

This study provides a foundation for future comparative and evolutionary studies of Amaranthaceae and expands genomic resources for this family.