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Background <p>Light serves as a critical environmental signal regulating plant growth, photosynthesis, and metabolite synthesis through physiological mechanisms. Advances in LED technology enable precise control of light spectra; however, the physiological responses of medicinal plants to different spectral qualities remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated the effects of various LED light spectra on growth performance, photosynthetic characteristics, and phytochemical profiles of <i>Tanacetum parthenium</i>.</p> Results <p>The experiment was conducted in a controlled greenhouse at Shahrekord University from April 9 to September 6, 2025 (spring–summer growing season) using a completely randomized design. Plants were grown under natural greenhouse photoperiod conditions until the full flowering stage. Supplemental LED treatments (100% red (R), 100% blue (B), 100% white (W), 50% red:50% blue (50R:50B), 50% red:50% white (50R:50W), and natural greenhouse light (control)) were applied at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 100 μmol m⁻<sup>2</sup> s⁻<sup>1</sup> for 7 h per night (22:00–05:00 h). The 50R:50B treatment promoted stem elongation (35.15 ± 0.61 cm) and flower number (30.00 ± 2.00), while blue light enhanced flower biomass and chlorophyll a content (2.77 ± 0.07 mg /g FW). Red light significantly increased parthenolide accumulation in leaves (16.73 ± 0.01 mg/g), while the highest flower parthenolide contents were observed under red (31.29 ± 0.01 mg/g) and white (31.25 ± 0.00 mg/g) light treatments. Blue and red–blue spectra elevated total soluble carbohydrates (18.44 ± 0.32 mg /g FW), total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant capacity (FRAP: 87.56 ± 0.66 µM Fe<sup>2</sup>⁺/g extract). Mixed spectra increased carotenoid levels. Although numerical differences were observed in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, no significant differences were detected among treatments (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), indicating stable PSII performance. Red light resulted in numerically higher PSII efficiency (<i>Φ</i><sub>Po</sub>: 0.81 ± 0.005); electron transport efficiency (<i>Φ</i><sub>Eo</sub>: 0.443 ± 0.002), and white light maximized the performance index (<i>PI</i><sub>Abs</sub>: 977.55 ± 2.88), statistical analysis showed no significant differences among treatments for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and stable across light treatments.</p> Conclusions <p>Supplemental spectral manipulation under greenhouse conditions differentially modulated growth patterns and secondary metabolite accumulation in <i>T. parthenium</i> without inducing photochemical stress. These findings highlight the role of wavelength-dependent metabolic regulation in optimizing medicinal plant production.</p>

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Exploring the impact of light spectra on growth: unveiling the role of LED light in modulating phytochemical responses of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Razieh Ebrahimi,
  • Keramatollah Saeidi,
  • Masood Ghasemi Ghehsareh,
  • Fatemeh Jamshidi-Kia

摘要

Background

Light serves as a critical environmental signal regulating plant growth, photosynthesis, and metabolite synthesis through physiological mechanisms. Advances in LED technology enable precise control of light spectra; however, the physiological responses of medicinal plants to different spectral qualities remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated the effects of various LED light spectra on growth performance, photosynthetic characteristics, and phytochemical profiles of Tanacetum parthenium.

Results

The experiment was conducted in a controlled greenhouse at Shahrekord University from April 9 to September 6, 2025 (spring–summer growing season) using a completely randomized design. Plants were grown under natural greenhouse photoperiod conditions until the full flowering stage. Supplemental LED treatments (100% red (R), 100% blue (B), 100% white (W), 50% red:50% blue (50R:50B), 50% red:50% white (50R:50W), and natural greenhouse light (control)) were applied at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 100 μmol m⁻2 s⁻1 for 7 h per night (22:00–05:00 h). The 50R:50B treatment promoted stem elongation (35.15 ± 0.61 cm) and flower number (30.00 ± 2.00), while blue light enhanced flower biomass and chlorophyll a content (2.77 ± 0.07 mg /g FW). Red light significantly increased parthenolide accumulation in leaves (16.73 ± 0.01 mg/g), while the highest flower parthenolide contents were observed under red (31.29 ± 0.01 mg/g) and white (31.25 ± 0.00 mg/g) light treatments. Blue and red–blue spectra elevated total soluble carbohydrates (18.44 ± 0.32 mg /g FW), total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant capacity (FRAP: 87.56 ± 0.66 µM Fe2⁺/g extract). Mixed spectra increased carotenoid levels. Although numerical differences were observed in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, no significant differences were detected among treatments (p > 0.05), indicating stable PSII performance. Red light resulted in numerically higher PSII efficiency (ΦPo: 0.81 ± 0.005); electron transport efficiency (ΦEo: 0.443 ± 0.002), and white light maximized the performance index (PIAbs: 977.55 ± 2.88), statistical analysis showed no significant differences among treatments for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and stable across light treatments.

Conclusions

Supplemental spectral manipulation under greenhouse conditions differentially modulated growth patterns and secondary metabolite accumulation in T. parthenium without inducing photochemical stress. These findings highlight the role of wavelength-dependent metabolic regulation in optimizing medicinal plant production.