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Background <p>The ensiling of woody biomass, specifically <i>Caragana korshinskii</i>, presents a substantial challenge for sustainable forage production primarily due to recalcitrant fermentation characteristics. To overcome these limitations, this study investigated the regulatory effects of niche-adapted <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains—originally isolated from oat silage—on the microbial community and biochemical profiles during a 60-day ensiling period.</p> Results <p>Targeted inoculation, particularly with a mixed lactic acid bacterial consortium (LM), effectively modulated the silage microbiome. This treatment accelerated the establishment of a <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i>-dominated homofermentative phase, followed by a controlled transition to <i>Lentilactobacillus</i>-mediated heterofermentation. This specific microbial succession suppressed undesirable proteolytic activity and inhibited spoilage-associated taxa. Furthermore, integrated metabolomic profiling indicated that this optimized microbial assembly significantly enriched amino acid metabolism and ABC transporter pathways. This metabolic regulation facilitated precise nutrient flux, resulting in enhanced lactic acid accumulation and improved crude protein retention.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings demonstrate that the strategic assembly of niche-adapted microbiota offers a robust strategy for converting lignocellulosic biomass into high-quality forage. By optimizing specific metabolic pathways, this approach significantly improves both the microbial stability and nutritional quality of the resulting silage.</p>

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Integrated microbiome and metabolomic analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of Lactobacillus in Caragana korshinskii silage fermentation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Ying Yun,
  • YuXuan Wang,
  • BaoChao Bai,
  • Gentu Ge,
  • Zhijun Wang,
  • Mingjiu Wang,
  • Yushan Jia

摘要

Background

The ensiling of woody biomass, specifically Caragana korshinskii, presents a substantial challenge for sustainable forage production primarily due to recalcitrant fermentation characteristics. To overcome these limitations, this study investigated the regulatory effects of niche-adapted Lactobacillus strains—originally isolated from oat silage—on the microbial community and biochemical profiles during a 60-day ensiling period.

Results

Targeted inoculation, particularly with a mixed lactic acid bacterial consortium (LM), effectively modulated the silage microbiome. This treatment accelerated the establishment of a Lactiplantibacillus-dominated homofermentative phase, followed by a controlled transition to Lentilactobacillus-mediated heterofermentation. This specific microbial succession suppressed undesirable proteolytic activity and inhibited spoilage-associated taxa. Furthermore, integrated metabolomic profiling indicated that this optimized microbial assembly significantly enriched amino acid metabolism and ABC transporter pathways. This metabolic regulation facilitated precise nutrient flux, resulting in enhanced lactic acid accumulation and improved crude protein retention.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that the strategic assembly of niche-adapted microbiota offers a robust strategy for converting lignocellulosic biomass into high-quality forage. By optimizing specific metabolic pathways, this approach significantly improves both the microbial stability and nutritional quality of the resulting silage.