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Background <p>Thioredoxin plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and protecting photosynthetic organisms from oxidative stress in the external environment. <i>Limnospira platensis</i> is a type of blue-green algae that can thrive under conditions of salt alkali, and metal stress, providing a valuable model for exploring <i>TRX</i> mediated stress adaptation mechanisms.</p> Results <p>In this study, seven members of the <i>LpTRX</i> gene family were identified from the <i>L. platensis</i> genome. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses revealed substantial variations in molecular weight and isoelectric point among these members. Phylogenetic analysis classified the <i>LpTRXs</i> into five major subfamilies (<i>TRX-M</i>, <i>TRX-X</i>, <i>TRX-Y</i>, <i>HCF</i>164 and <i>NTRC</i>), suggesting that <i>LpTRX</i>s represent an ancestral redox system that contributed to the evolution of plastid thioredoxins in higher plants through endosymbiosis. Physiological assays demonstrated that NaCl stress primarily inhibited the growth rate, while Cu<sup>2+</sup> induced acute oxidative damage and Zn<sup>2+</sup> exerted a gradual inhibitory effect. Antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA content exhibited stress-specific patterns. The varying levels of MDA and antioxidant enzymes suggest that each stressor (NaCl, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>) triggers oxidative stress through different biochemical pathways. Notably, phycocyanin accumulation was enhanced under low concentrations of NaCl and Cu<sup>2+</sup> but significantly suppressed under high-stress conditions. Furthermore, expression profiling revealed differential and concentration-dependent regulation of LpTRX genes under salt and metal stresses. Functional validation via heterologous expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> demonstrated that recombinant LpTRX-Y1 enhanced the tolerance of host cells to salt and metal stresses. These findings suggest that LpTRX-Y1 plays a pivotal role in modulating the abiotic stress response and represents a candidate gene involved in stress adaptation in <i>L. platensis.</i></p> Conclusions <p>These findings highlight LpTRX-Y1 as a key determinant of abiotic stress tolerance in <i>L. platensis</i>.</p>

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Genome-wide characterization of the TRX gene family in Limnospira platensis and functional analysis of LpTRX-Y1 under abiotic stress response

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Yue Chang,
  • Xiaotong Ma,
  • Haiqing Wu,
  • Buri Qi,
  • Bin Yang,
  • Xiao Wang,
  • Xueyin Wang,
  • You Lv,
  • Yue Zhao,
  • Shaofeng Su,
  • Suling Bo

摘要

Background

Thioredoxin plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and protecting photosynthetic organisms from oxidative stress in the external environment. Limnospira platensis is a type of blue-green algae that can thrive under conditions of salt alkali, and metal stress, providing a valuable model for exploring TRX mediated stress adaptation mechanisms.

Results

In this study, seven members of the LpTRX gene family were identified from the L. platensis genome. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses revealed substantial variations in molecular weight and isoelectric point among these members. Phylogenetic analysis classified the LpTRXs into five major subfamilies (TRX-M, TRX-X, TRX-Y, HCF164 and NTRC), suggesting that LpTRXs represent an ancestral redox system that contributed to the evolution of plastid thioredoxins in higher plants through endosymbiosis. Physiological assays demonstrated that NaCl stress primarily inhibited the growth rate, while Cu2+ induced acute oxidative damage and Zn2+ exerted a gradual inhibitory effect. Antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA content exhibited stress-specific patterns. The varying levels of MDA and antioxidant enzymes suggest that each stressor (NaCl, Cu2+, Zn2+) triggers oxidative stress through different biochemical pathways. Notably, phycocyanin accumulation was enhanced under low concentrations of NaCl and Cu2+ but significantly suppressed under high-stress conditions. Furthermore, expression profiling revealed differential and concentration-dependent regulation of LpTRX genes under salt and metal stresses. Functional validation via heterologous expression in Escherichia coli demonstrated that recombinant LpTRX-Y1 enhanced the tolerance of host cells to salt and metal stresses. These findings suggest that LpTRX-Y1 plays a pivotal role in modulating the abiotic stress response and represents a candidate gene involved in stress adaptation in L. platensis.

Conclusions

These findings highlight LpTRX-Y1 as a key determinant of abiotic stress tolerance in L. platensis.