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Background <p>Salinity stress restricts the growth and productivity of common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.), a salt-sensitive legume. This study evaluated the foliar application of nanoparticle (NP) formulations to alleviate salt stress under moderate soil salinity (EC 7.71–7.83 dS m⁻¹).</p> <p>A two-season field experiment tested foliar sprays with salicylic acid (SA), silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs), chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs), chitosan-silicon nanoparticles [Ch-Si (NPs)], and Ch-Si (NPs) + SA. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, osmoprotectants, nutrient content, and pod yield were measured.</p> Results <p>Salinity stress reduced plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient balance while increasing oxidative damage. All treatments mitigated these effects, with Ch-Si (NPs) + SA showing the greatest improvement. Compared with the saline control, this treatment increased shoot dry weight and green pod yield by approximately twofold and enhanced net photosynthetic rate by about 40%. Leaf K⁺/Na⁺ ratios increased by 113.9%–126.3%, while Na⁺ content decreased by 37.2%–39.9%, electrolyte leakage by 44.7%–46.7%, and malondialdehyde by 55.8%–59.0% across both seasons. Ch-Si (NPs) + SA also increased activities of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase) and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, ascorbate, glutathione, α-tocopherol) compared with the control.</p> Conclusions <p>Foliar application of Ch-Si (NPs) + SA was associated with improved physiological performance, oxidative balance, and yield of common bean grown under saline field conditions. This combination may offer a promising biostimulant strategy for legume production in salt-affected soils, though further research is needed to establish broader applicability and long-term effects.</p>

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Foliar application of chitosan-silicon nanoparticles and salicylic acid enhances salinity tolerance and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under field conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • El-Sayed M. Desoky,
  • Mohammed S. Alotaibi,
  • Mohamed T. El-Saadony,
  • Mohammad A.A. Al-Najjar,
  • Fardous I. Alhashmi,
  • Betty T. Mathew,
  • Khaled A. El-Tarabily,
  • Synan F. AbuQamar,
  • Mostafa M. Rady

摘要

Background

Salinity stress restricts the growth and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a salt-sensitive legume. This study evaluated the foliar application of nanoparticle (NP) formulations to alleviate salt stress under moderate soil salinity (EC 7.71–7.83 dS m⁻¹).

A two-season field experiment tested foliar sprays with salicylic acid (SA), silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs), chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs), chitosan-silicon nanoparticles [Ch-Si (NPs)], and Ch-Si (NPs) + SA. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, osmoprotectants, nutrient content, and pod yield were measured.

Results

Salinity stress reduced plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient balance while increasing oxidative damage. All treatments mitigated these effects, with Ch-Si (NPs) + SA showing the greatest improvement. Compared with the saline control, this treatment increased shoot dry weight and green pod yield by approximately twofold and enhanced net photosynthetic rate by about 40%. Leaf K⁺/Na⁺ ratios increased by 113.9%–126.3%, while Na⁺ content decreased by 37.2%–39.9%, electrolyte leakage by 44.7%–46.7%, and malondialdehyde by 55.8%–59.0% across both seasons. Ch-Si (NPs) + SA also increased activities of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase) and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, ascorbate, glutathione, α-tocopherol) compared with the control.

Conclusions

Foliar application of Ch-Si (NPs) + SA was associated with improved physiological performance, oxidative balance, and yield of common bean grown under saline field conditions. This combination may offer a promising biostimulant strategy for legume production in salt-affected soils, though further research is needed to establish broader applicability and long-term effects.