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<p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is a major staple crop that plays a vital role in human nutrition and global food security. Therefore, enhancing seed germination and seedling establishment is critical for sustainable wheat production. This study evaluated the effects of seed biopriming with selected <i>Bacillus</i> isolates, coded M1 to M8, isolated from wheat fields. These isolates were applied alone or in combination with <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> UTB96 to assess their impact on wheat germination, seedling growth, morphophysiological traits, and physiological responses under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Biopriming treatments significantly affected all studied traits (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). In the laboratory experiment, UTB96 showed the highest germination rate (16.25 seeds day⁻¹), while M3 + UTB96 produced the greatest shoot length (66.33&#xa0;mm), root length (90.00&#xa0;mm), and seedling vigor index (15633.30). In the greenhouse experiment, M3 + UTB96 was the most effective treatment, resulting in the highest seedling emergence (90.47%), root length (27.00&#xa0;cm), shoot height (44.33&#xa0;cm), leaf dry weight (3.21&#xa0;g), and seedling vigor weight index (456.38). Seed biopriming also significantly affected catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total chlorophyll (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), while proline, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were also significantly influenced (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The highest CAT and APX activities, total protein, and chlorophyll contents were recorded in M3 + UTB96, whereas the highest GPX and SOD activities and proline content were observed in M3. In contrast, M1, M3 + M2, M4 + M5, and M6 + M2 reduced seedling growth compared with the control. Seed biopriming with Bacillus isolates improved wheat establishment and early growth, with M3 + UTB96 identified as the best treatment. </p>

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Seed biopriming with plant growth promoting bacteria improves germination and seedling performance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Mohsen Sasani,
  • Ramin Piri,
  • Farzaneh Zamani,
  • Bahman Fazeli-Nasab

摘要

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple crop that plays a vital role in human nutrition and global food security. Therefore, enhancing seed germination and seedling establishment is critical for sustainable wheat production. This study evaluated the effects of seed biopriming with selected Bacillus isolates, coded M1 to M8, isolated from wheat fields. These isolates were applied alone or in combination with Bacillus velezensis UTB96 to assess their impact on wheat germination, seedling growth, morphophysiological traits, and physiological responses under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Biopriming treatments significantly affected all studied traits (P < 0.01). In the laboratory experiment, UTB96 showed the highest germination rate (16.25 seeds day⁻¹), while M3 + UTB96 produced the greatest shoot length (66.33 mm), root length (90.00 mm), and seedling vigor index (15633.30). In the greenhouse experiment, M3 + UTB96 was the most effective treatment, resulting in the highest seedling emergence (90.47%), root length (27.00 cm), shoot height (44.33 cm), leaf dry weight (3.21 g), and seedling vigor weight index (456.38). Seed biopriming also significantly affected catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total chlorophyll (P < 0.01), while proline, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were also significantly influenced (P < 0.05). The highest CAT and APX activities, total protein, and chlorophyll contents were recorded in M3 + UTB96, whereas the highest GPX and SOD activities and proline content were observed in M3. In contrast, M1, M3 + M2, M4 + M5, and M6 + M2 reduced seedling growth compared with the control. Seed biopriming with Bacillus isolates improved wheat establishment and early growth, with M3 + UTB96 identified as the best treatment.