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Background <p>Drought severely reduces soybean yield in semi-arid areas, and the drought resistant varieties and irrigation can effectively alleviate the loss of yield caused by drought. However, the impact of irrigation on the morphological, physiological, and molecular adaptation mechanisms of different drought-resistant soybean genotypes remains poorly understood.</p> Methods <p>A three-year field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid region to evaluate the effects of two irrigation regimes (non-irrigated and irrigated) and two soybean varieties (LD14 and LD21) on root morphological, physiological, and molecular traits.</p> Results <p>The results showed that irrigation increased the total root length, root surface area, root volume, and shoot biomass in both varieties. In contrast, irrigation reduced root-shoot ratio (R/S<sub>F</sub> and R/S<sub>D</sub>), antioxidant enzyme activities (POD and CAT), and the accumulation of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, proline, and MDA. Meanwhile, CAT activity and soluble protein content of LD14 were higher than those of LD21. More specifically, four CAT1-encoding genes were upregulated in the NLD21 vs. NLD14 and ILD21 vs. ILD14 comparisons, which showed the expression level of the gene encoding CAT1 in LD14 is higher than that in LD21. The mitochondria of LD21 was damaged more severe than that of LD14 on non-irrigated conditions. The vessel diameter of LD14 was larger than that of LD21 under the same irrigation condition; whereas the vessel diameter of the non-irrigated level was larger than that of the irrigated treatment for the same variety. Further research supposed these genes LOC100786184, LOC102669408, LOC100789083 and LOC100802727 may indirectly reduce the diameter of xylem vessels. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs and DAMs in different comparison groups were mainly enriched in fatty acid degradation, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, etc.</p> Conclusions <p>LD14 (drought-resistant cultivar) showed a lower root length percentage with diameters of 0–0.1&#xa0;mm compared with LD21(drought-sensitive cultivar). Generally, the soluble protein content and CAT activity in LD14 were higher than those in LD21, whereas the MDA content in LD14 was lower than that in LD21. The vessel diameter of LD14 was larger than that of LD21. The mitochondria of LD21 was damaged more severe than that of LD14 on non-irrigated conditions. The yield, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, plant height, main stem node number and branch number of LD14 were higher than those of LD21 in the same irrigation treatment. However, 100-seed weight and internode length of LD14 were lower than those of LD21. These findings hold important theoretical and practical significance in improving the drought resistance of soybean.</p>

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Effects of variety and irrigation on root morphological, physiological and molecular adaptation mechanism in soybean fields in a semi-arid region of China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Chunjuan Yan,
  • Wenbin Wang,
  • Xugang Sun,
  • Changling Wang,
  • Yongqiang Cao,
  • Lijun Zhang,
  • Shengyou Li,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Hexiang Sun,
  • Duo Zhao

摘要

Background

Drought severely reduces soybean yield in semi-arid areas, and the drought resistant varieties and irrigation can effectively alleviate the loss of yield caused by drought. However, the impact of irrigation on the morphological, physiological, and molecular adaptation mechanisms of different drought-resistant soybean genotypes remains poorly understood.

Methods

A three-year field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid region to evaluate the effects of two irrigation regimes (non-irrigated and irrigated) and two soybean varieties (LD14 and LD21) on root morphological, physiological, and molecular traits.

Results

The results showed that irrigation increased the total root length, root surface area, root volume, and shoot biomass in both varieties. In contrast, irrigation reduced root-shoot ratio (R/SF and R/SD), antioxidant enzyme activities (POD and CAT), and the accumulation of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, proline, and MDA. Meanwhile, CAT activity and soluble protein content of LD14 were higher than those of LD21. More specifically, four CAT1-encoding genes were upregulated in the NLD21 vs. NLD14 and ILD21 vs. ILD14 comparisons, which showed the expression level of the gene encoding CAT1 in LD14 is higher than that in LD21. The mitochondria of LD21 was damaged more severe than that of LD14 on non-irrigated conditions. The vessel diameter of LD14 was larger than that of LD21 under the same irrigation condition; whereas the vessel diameter of the non-irrigated level was larger than that of the irrigated treatment for the same variety. Further research supposed these genes LOC100786184, LOC102669408, LOC100789083 and LOC100802727 may indirectly reduce the diameter of xylem vessels. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs and DAMs in different comparison groups were mainly enriched in fatty acid degradation, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, etc.

Conclusions

LD14 (drought-resistant cultivar) showed a lower root length percentage with diameters of 0–0.1 mm compared with LD21(drought-sensitive cultivar). Generally, the soluble protein content and CAT activity in LD14 were higher than those in LD21, whereas the MDA content in LD14 was lower than that in LD21. The vessel diameter of LD14 was larger than that of LD21. The mitochondria of LD21 was damaged more severe than that of LD14 on non-irrigated conditions. The yield, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, plant height, main stem node number and branch number of LD14 were higher than those of LD21 in the same irrigation treatment. However, 100-seed weight and internode length of LD14 were lower than those of LD21. These findings hold important theoretical and practical significance in improving the drought resistance of soybean.