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<p>Wasabi (<i>Eutrema japonicum</i>), a commercially important crop in the Brassicaceae family, is prized for its unique pungent flavor, yet its genome evolution and polyploid origin remain poorly understood. This study presents a detailed evolutionary analysis of the wasabi genome. The diploid progenitors of <i>E. japonicum</i> diverged approximately 2 MYA, while the allotetraploid hybridization event that formed <i>E. japonicum</i> occurred more recently (~ 0.268 MYA). Following this whole-genome duplication, its genome stabilized through extensive chromosomal rearrangements and subgenome dominance. We also characterized transposable elements, including long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), and analyzed gene expression patterns between subgenomes to further understand genome evolution and functional differentiation in <i>E. japonicum</i>. Notably, wasabi's distinct flavor is linked to a unique glucosinolate gene profile. This profile is characterized by a significant expansion of the epithiospecifier-modifying protein (<i>ESM1</i>) gene family, which promotes pungent isothiocyanate formation, and a contraction of the competing epithiospecifier protein (<i>ESP</i>) gene. The resulting high <i>ESM1</i>:<i>ESP</i> gene copy ratio is a key contributor to wasabi's characteristic properties. This study offers crucial insights into wasabi's genomic evolution, establishing a foundation for future research into the genetic basis of its unique flavor and other valuable traits.</p>

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Genome stabilization in the neotetraploid wasabi (Eutrema japonicum): subgenome dominance and extensive chromosomal rearrangements

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Donghyun Jeon,
  • Solji Lee,
  • Sehyun Choi,
  • Andrew H. Paterson,
  • Changsoo Kim

摘要

Wasabi (Eutrema japonicum), a commercially important crop in the Brassicaceae family, is prized for its unique pungent flavor, yet its genome evolution and polyploid origin remain poorly understood. This study presents a detailed evolutionary analysis of the wasabi genome. The diploid progenitors of E. japonicum diverged approximately 2 MYA, while the allotetraploid hybridization event that formed E. japonicum occurred more recently (~ 0.268 MYA). Following this whole-genome duplication, its genome stabilized through extensive chromosomal rearrangements and subgenome dominance. We also characterized transposable elements, including long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), and analyzed gene expression patterns between subgenomes to further understand genome evolution and functional differentiation in E. japonicum. Notably, wasabi's distinct flavor is linked to a unique glucosinolate gene profile. This profile is characterized by a significant expansion of the epithiospecifier-modifying protein (ESM1) gene family, which promotes pungent isothiocyanate formation, and a contraction of the competing epithiospecifier protein (ESP) gene. The resulting high ESM1:ESP gene copy ratio is a key contributor to wasabi's characteristic properties. This study offers crucial insights into wasabi's genomic evolution, establishing a foundation for future research into the genetic basis of its unique flavor and other valuable traits.