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<p>Strawberry powdery mildew (SPM), caused by <i>Podosphaera aphanis</i>, severely reduces strawberry yield and quality. Due to the pathogen’s obligate parasitism, the screening of biocontrol bacteria is challenging, and effective strains remain scarce. In this study, we isolated a novel strain, <i>Bacillus altitudinis</i> DXHS, exhibiting strong control efficacy against SPM. Genomic analysis revealed abundant biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites in DXHS, including lichenysin, siderophore, and terpenes. Strawberry leaves treated with DXHS showed a 77.05% reduction in SPM incidence versus the infected control, marking the first report, to our knowledge, of <i>B. altitudinis</i> efficacy against SPM. Transcriptomic analysis of strawberry leaves revealed 3,722 upregulated and 1,729 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following treatment with the DXHS strain. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes including defense response and the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in pathways including plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction. Furthermore, GSEA demonstrated a significant enrichment and upregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. The qPCR validation confirmed significant upregulation of key genes, including <i>MPK3</i>, <i>MPK6</i>, <i>PR1</i>, and <i>ERF1</i>. These results demonstrate that the DXHS strain activates the salicylic acid (SA), JA, and ethylene (ET) pathways in strawberry leaves, enhancing resistance to SPM. These findings elucidate key aspects of the molecular mechanism underlying the resistance induced by <i>B. altitudinis</i> DXHS against SPM and the application of DXHS strain in the biological control of strawberry diseases.</p>

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Biocontrol of strawberry powdery mildew by Bacillus altitudinis DXHS: mechanistic insights from transcriptome analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Jingchi Zhai,
  • Yayong Liu,
  • Juan Zhao,
  • Taotao Zhang,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Fang Xiao,
  • Yun Wang,
  • Wentao Qin

摘要

Strawberry powdery mildew (SPM), caused by Podosphaera aphanis, severely reduces strawberry yield and quality. Due to the pathogen’s obligate parasitism, the screening of biocontrol bacteria is challenging, and effective strains remain scarce. In this study, we isolated a novel strain, Bacillus altitudinis DXHS, exhibiting strong control efficacy against SPM. Genomic analysis revealed abundant biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites in DXHS, including lichenysin, siderophore, and terpenes. Strawberry leaves treated with DXHS showed a 77.05% reduction in SPM incidence versus the infected control, marking the first report, to our knowledge, of B. altitudinis efficacy against SPM. Transcriptomic analysis of strawberry leaves revealed 3,722 upregulated and 1,729 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following treatment with the DXHS strain. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes including defense response and the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in pathways including plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction. Furthermore, GSEA demonstrated a significant enrichment and upregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. The qPCR validation confirmed significant upregulation of key genes, including MPK3, MPK6, PR1, and ERF1. These results demonstrate that the DXHS strain activates the salicylic acid (SA), JA, and ethylene (ET) pathways in strawberry leaves, enhancing resistance to SPM. These findings elucidate key aspects of the molecular mechanism underlying the resistance induced by B. altitudinis DXHS against SPM and the application of DXHS strain in the biological control of strawberry diseases.