Aims <p>To achieve ecological restoration of urban water pollution, this study uses vegetation filter strips to filter and remove pollution caused by aquiclude in vegetation restoration technology.</p> Methods <p>This study focuses on the main pollution factors of urban water pollution, nitrogen and phosphorus, and conducts comparative experiments on different vegetation filter belts to analyze their removal effects on pollution factors.</p> Results <p>With the decrease of runoff intensity, the removal rates of TSS and TP significantly increased by 22.97% and 20.04%, respectively. At different pollution concentrations, the removal effect of the experimental group exceeded that of the control group. The removal rate also improved with the added pollution concentration. The removal efficiency of experimental group 3, which used Adiantum capillus-veneris as the remediation zone, was the highest. The maximum removal rates in TP, NH₄⁺-N, TN, NO₃⁻-N and TSS pollution factors reached 88.34%, 85.35%, 85.04%, 84.92%, and 87.21%, respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>The application of vegetation restoration technology in the ecological restoration of urban water pollution has confirmed its important role and practical significance in controlling urban water pollutants, providing theoretical basis and practical reference for the ecological restoration of urban water pollution.</p>