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Background <p>Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential macronutrients that drive plant growth and photosynthesis; their deficiencies alters both plant physiology and metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms by which <i>Ilex chinensis</i> responds to N and P starvation remain largely unknown.</p> Results <p>We subjected two-year-old <i>I. chinensis</i> seedlings to 10 weeks of low N (LN) and low P (LP) stress and profiled the leaf transcriptome. Both stresses restricted shoot elongation but stimulated lateral root proliferation, with the strongest phenotype under LN<sub>2</sub> and LP<sub>2</sub> regimes. Relative to the control, LN<sub>2</sub> group exhibited 2.1- to 3.9-fold increases in nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). LP<sub>2</sub> group displayed 1.7- to 2.4-fold higher acid phosphatase (ACP), SOD, POD activity, anthocyanin content, and MDA (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that pathways enriched under N and P deficiency were responsive to plant growth, root development, and N and P uptake.</p> Conclusions <p>Our data reveal the integrated physiological and transcriptional adjustments that allow <i>I. chinensis</i> to cope with N and P deficiency stress, and identifies potential target genes for improving nutrient use efficiency. These findings provide new insights into the physiological and molecular responses of <i>I. chinensis</i> to N and P deficiency stress and offer valuable information for optimizing its cultivation under nutrient-limited conditions.</p>

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The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency on the main physiology of Ilex chinensis and transcriptomic analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Jing Liu,
  • Gong Cheng,
  • Jiejie Jiao,
  • Jiaxin Hu,
  • Bingsong Zheng,
  • Daoliang Yan

摘要

Background

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential macronutrients that drive plant growth and photosynthesis; their deficiencies alters both plant physiology and metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Ilex chinensis responds to N and P starvation remain largely unknown.

Results

We subjected two-year-old I. chinensis seedlings to 10 weeks of low N (LN) and low P (LP) stress and profiled the leaf transcriptome. Both stresses restricted shoot elongation but stimulated lateral root proliferation, with the strongest phenotype under LN2 and LP2 regimes. Relative to the control, LN2 group exhibited 2.1- to 3.9-fold increases in nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.01). LP2 group displayed 1.7- to 2.4-fold higher acid phosphatase (ACP), SOD, POD activity, anthocyanin content, and MDA (P < 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that pathways enriched under N and P deficiency were responsive to plant growth, root development, and N and P uptake.

Conclusions

Our data reveal the integrated physiological and transcriptional adjustments that allow I. chinensis to cope with N and P deficiency stress, and identifies potential target genes for improving nutrient use efficiency. These findings provide new insights into the physiological and molecular responses of I. chinensis to N and P deficiency stress and offer valuable information for optimizing its cultivation under nutrient-limited conditions.