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Background <p>Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, play vital roles in enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> strain Bam22 on the growth and metabolic profile of rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i>) seedlings, specifically focusing on uncovering the underlying metabolic mechanisms.</p> Results <p>Inoculation with Bam22 significantly promoted rapeseed growth. Compared to the control, plant height increased by approximately 17.1% and root length by 14.4% at 35 days post-inoculation (dpi). While leaf number remained no significant changed, fresh weight showed significant increases of approximately 70.3% (shoot, 7 dpi), 39.4% (shoot, 35 dpi), 23.8% (root, 7 dpi), and 26.8% (root, 35 dpi), respectively. Wide-targeted metabolomic analysis using UPLC-MS/MS detected 1,785 metabolites. Statistical analysis revealed significant time-dependent metabolic shifts. After 7 days, 192 metabolites were significantly up-accumulated, with notable enrichment in flavonoids (particularly flavonols, e.g., sophoraflavonoloside, FC = 3.39) and phenolic acids. At 35 dpi, 135 metabolites were up-accumulated, with significant enrichment in lipids (predominantly lysophosphatidylcholines-LPCs and lysophosphatidylethanolamines-LPEs) and flavonoids. Crucially, Bam22 induced a profound and directed reprogramming of flavonoid metabolism. Key changes included enhanced flux towards naringenin chalcone synthesis and the accumulation of specific anthocyanin precursors (e.g., cyanidin 3-<i>O</i>-glucoside, delphinidin 3-<i>O</i>-glucoside) and flavonols (e.g., Kaempferol-<i>O</i>-sophoroside).</p> Conclusions <p>This study provides the first report linking a <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> strain to systemic reprogramming of the flavonoid metabolome in rapeseed, revealing its role as a key mechanism underlying PGPR-induced growth enhancement. This flavonoid-centric metabolic shift, potentially enhancing stress tolerance (e.g., UV protection) and facilitating beneficial plant-microbe communication, provides crucial mechanistic insights into plant-microbe interactions and highlights the potential of targeting flavonoid metabolism for developing Bam22-based biofertilizers to optimize rapeseed productivity.</p>

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Elucidating the growth-promoting factors of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on rapeseed through metabolomics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Song Pei,
  • Deng Yue,
  • Yu Yaoying,
  • Hu Zijin,
  • Zhang Zhongmei,
  • Yang Xiaoxiang,
  • Zhang Lei,
  • Liu Yong,
  • Huang Xiaoqin

摘要

Background

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, play vital roles in enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the B. amyloliquefaciens strain Bam22 on the growth and metabolic profile of rapeseed (Brassica napus) seedlings, specifically focusing on uncovering the underlying metabolic mechanisms.

Results

Inoculation with Bam22 significantly promoted rapeseed growth. Compared to the control, plant height increased by approximately 17.1% and root length by 14.4% at 35 days post-inoculation (dpi). While leaf number remained no significant changed, fresh weight showed significant increases of approximately 70.3% (shoot, 7 dpi), 39.4% (shoot, 35 dpi), 23.8% (root, 7 dpi), and 26.8% (root, 35 dpi), respectively. Wide-targeted metabolomic analysis using UPLC-MS/MS detected 1,785 metabolites. Statistical analysis revealed significant time-dependent metabolic shifts. After 7 days, 192 metabolites were significantly up-accumulated, with notable enrichment in flavonoids (particularly flavonols, e.g., sophoraflavonoloside, FC = 3.39) and phenolic acids. At 35 dpi, 135 metabolites were up-accumulated, with significant enrichment in lipids (predominantly lysophosphatidylcholines-LPCs and lysophosphatidylethanolamines-LPEs) and flavonoids. Crucially, Bam22 induced a profound and directed reprogramming of flavonoid metabolism. Key changes included enhanced flux towards naringenin chalcone synthesis and the accumulation of specific anthocyanin precursors (e.g., cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside) and flavonols (e.g., Kaempferol-O-sophoroside).

Conclusions

This study provides the first report linking a B. amyloliquefaciens strain to systemic reprogramming of the flavonoid metabolome in rapeseed, revealing its role as a key mechanism underlying PGPR-induced growth enhancement. This flavonoid-centric metabolic shift, potentially enhancing stress tolerance (e.g., UV protection) and facilitating beneficial plant-microbe communication, provides crucial mechanistic insights into plant-microbe interactions and highlights the potential of targeting flavonoid metabolism for developing Bam22-based biofertilizers to optimize rapeseed productivity.