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<p>The global rise of antibiotic resistance has rekindled interest in bacteriophages (phages) as alternative therapeutics. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel <i>Escherichia coli</i> phage, Ec_Ou_ZC1, from the family <i>Drexlerviridae</i>, genus <i>Tunavirus</i>, sharing 94.72% genomic identity with <i>Escherichia phage</i> phiD2-2. Ec_Ou_ZC1 encodes an orphan methyltransferase and a Cor superinfection exclusion (SIE) protein. Heterologous expression of Cor blocked all tested FhuA-dependent <i>Drexlerviridae</i> phages (Ec_Ou_ZC1, T1, Bas03, Bas12, Bas13) but not T4 or T7, confirming family-specific SIE through FhuA receptor inactivation. Plaque assays against four antiviral STAND (Avs) systems revealed differential susceptibility within <i>Drexlerviridae</i>: Bas03 (<i>Braunvirinae</i>) was sensitive to SeAvs3, while Ec_Ou_ZC1, Bas05, Bas12, Bas13, and T1 (<i>Tempevirinae</i> and <i>Tunavirinae</i>) resisted all four systems, suggesting that Avs resistance depends on specific genomic features. Species-level phylogenetic analyses using concatenated single-copy orthologs robustly resolved evolutionary relationships within <i>Tunavirus</i>, separating <i>Escherichia</i>- and <i>Shigella</i>-infecting phages and providing a framework for predicting host range of new isolates.</p>

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Ec_Ou_ZC1, a new Tunavirus, reveals Cor superinfection exclusion and differential Avs susceptibility across Drexlerviridae subfamilies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Quanrui Zhang,
  • Yingying Liu,
  • Jiaoxia Qin,
  • Jixia Wei,
  • Fan Yang,
  • Tao Zhang,
  • Qunxin She,
  • Chen Zhang,
  • Min Wu

摘要

The global rise of antibiotic resistance has rekindled interest in bacteriophages (phages) as alternative therapeutics. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel Escherichia coli phage, Ec_Ou_ZC1, from the family Drexlerviridae, genus Tunavirus, sharing 94.72% genomic identity with Escherichia phage phiD2-2. Ec_Ou_ZC1 encodes an orphan methyltransferase and a Cor superinfection exclusion (SIE) protein. Heterologous expression of Cor blocked all tested FhuA-dependent Drexlerviridae phages (Ec_Ou_ZC1, T1, Bas03, Bas12, Bas13) but not T4 or T7, confirming family-specific SIE through FhuA receptor inactivation. Plaque assays against four antiviral STAND (Avs) systems revealed differential susceptibility within Drexlerviridae: Bas03 (Braunvirinae) was sensitive to SeAvs3, while Ec_Ou_ZC1, Bas05, Bas12, Bas13, and T1 (Tempevirinae and Tunavirinae) resisted all four systems, suggesting that Avs resistance depends on specific genomic features. Species-level phylogenetic analyses using concatenated single-copy orthologs robustly resolved evolutionary relationships within Tunavirus, separating Escherichia- and Shigella-infecting phages and providing a framework for predicting host range of new isolates.