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Background <p>The gut microbiota (GM) plays a key role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis by regulating energy balance, inflammatory pathways, and hormone metabolism. Its role in metabolic syndrome (MetS) is particularly relevant in postmenopausal women, who experience profound metabolic and endocrine changes that increase their vulnerability to cardiometabolic diseases. In Mexico, MetS affects nearly half of postmenopausal women, yet the mechanisms linking hormonal decline, metabolic alterations, and the GM remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the association between GM composition, functional potential, and MetS severity in Mexican women.</p> Results <p>In postmenopausal women, GM diversity decreases progressively as the number of MetS components increases. Women with MetS showed enrichment of <i>Lactobacillus</i>,<i> Roseburia</i>, and <i>Escherichia/Shigella</i>, and depletion of <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Christensenellaceae R-7 group</i>. Functional prediction revealed alterations in amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Pathways related to Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) degradation, D-alanine, and histidine metabolism were disrupted. Women with five MetS components exhibited the most pronounced functional shifts, including altered sphingolipid and glutathione metabolism. Serum alanine (ALA) concentrations were higher in women with MetS and increased with MetS severity, suggesting metabolic stress or impaired fatty acid processing.</p> Conclusion <p>The presence and severity of MetS are associated with GM composition in Mexican postmenopausal women. Findings support the potential of microbiota-based biomarkers and interventions to reduce metabolic risk in this population.</p>

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Gut microbiota composition and functional pathways associated with metabolic syndrome in Mexican adult women: cross-sectional analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Berenice Rivera-Paredez,
  • Adriana Becerra-Cervera,
  • Diana I. Aparicio-Bautista,
  • Rogelio F. Jiménez-Ortega,
  • Tania V. López-Pérez,
  • Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo,
  • Tania G. Sánchez-Pimienta,
  • Berenice Palacios-González,
  • Samuel Canizales-Quinteros,
  • Jorge Salmerón,
  • Rafael Velázquez-Cruz

摘要

Background

The gut microbiota (GM) plays a key role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis by regulating energy balance, inflammatory pathways, and hormone metabolism. Its role in metabolic syndrome (MetS) is particularly relevant in postmenopausal women, who experience profound metabolic and endocrine changes that increase their vulnerability to cardiometabolic diseases. In Mexico, MetS affects nearly half of postmenopausal women, yet the mechanisms linking hormonal decline, metabolic alterations, and the GM remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the association between GM composition, functional potential, and MetS severity in Mexican women.

Results

In postmenopausal women, GM diversity decreases progressively as the number of MetS components increases. Women with MetS showed enrichment of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Escherichia/Shigella, and depletion of Akkermansia and Christensenellaceae R-7 group. Functional prediction revealed alterations in amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Pathways related to Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) degradation, D-alanine, and histidine metabolism were disrupted. Women with five MetS components exhibited the most pronounced functional shifts, including altered sphingolipid and glutathione metabolism. Serum alanine (ALA) concentrations were higher in women with MetS and increased with MetS severity, suggesting metabolic stress or impaired fatty acid processing.

Conclusion

The presence and severity of MetS are associated with GM composition in Mexican postmenopausal women. Findings support the potential of microbiota-based biomarkers and interventions to reduce metabolic risk in this population.