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<p>Multidrug-resistant bacterial diseases pose an increasing hazard to worldwide public health. These bacteria reduce the effectiveness of traditional medicines, resulting in recurring infections, longer hospital stays, higher medical expenses, and higher death rates. Nanomedicine integrates nanotechnology with disease management and represents a promising direction in modern healthcare. In this study, manganese oxide–magnesium oxide bimetallic nanoparticles (MnO–MgO BNPs) were mycosynthesized using <i>Aspergillus niger</i> PQ269689.1 extract, where fungal metabolites acted as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. Several analytical techniques were applied for characterization and compositional analysis of the obtained MnO–MgO BNPs. The UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed BNPs’ formation with a characteristic absorption band around 300 nm, while FTIR analysis verified functional groups involved in stabilization. Also, EDX analysis revealed Mn- and Mg-rich compositions, and TEM/SEM imaging showed angular, flake-like crystalline structures with sizes ranging from 10 to 85 nm. Additionally, XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline phases of MnO and MgO. Biological evaluation demonstrated selective, dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀ = 96.09 µg/mL). The biosynthesized MnO–MgO BNPs demonstrated remarkable broad-spectrum antibacterial effectiveness, with the largest inhibition zone against <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922 (25.67 ± 0.57 mm) and a percent inhibition of 106.96% when compared to ciprofloxacin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) varied from 32 to 256 µg/mL, with <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> ATCC 35552 having the lowest MIC₅₀ of 11.56 µg/mL, according to a quantitative analysis. The BNPs mainly showed a bactericidal effect when tested against most uropathogens, including <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 25668 and <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922<i>.</i> Additionally, significant biofilm clearance of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (67.97 ± 0.29%) and outstanding antibiofilm properties were noted, particularly against <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> ATCC 29906 (92.04% inhibition at sub-MIC levels). Checkerboard studies showed a high synergistic interaction with amoxicillin against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 25923 with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.375, significantly reducing the required dosage of both medications. These findings highlight the multifunctional therapeutic potential of mycosynthesized MnO–MgO BNPs for biomedical applications.</p>

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Synergistic antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of mycosynthesized MnO–MgO bimetallic nanoparticles against drug-resistant pathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Fathy M. Elkady,
  • Sulaiman A. Alsalamah,
  • Amr Hashem,
  • Ebrahim saied,
  • Amer M. Abdelaziz,
  • Ahmed Abdel Tawab,
  • Ayman Salama,
  • Faisal Alsenani,
  • Nasir A. Ibrahim,
  • Nosiba S. Basher,
  • Mohammed S. Abdulrahman,
  • Mohammed Aufy

摘要

Multidrug-resistant bacterial diseases pose an increasing hazard to worldwide public health. These bacteria reduce the effectiveness of traditional medicines, resulting in recurring infections, longer hospital stays, higher medical expenses, and higher death rates. Nanomedicine integrates nanotechnology with disease management and represents a promising direction in modern healthcare. In this study, manganese oxide–magnesium oxide bimetallic nanoparticles (MnO–MgO BNPs) were mycosynthesized using Aspergillus niger PQ269689.1 extract, where fungal metabolites acted as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. Several analytical techniques were applied for characterization and compositional analysis of the obtained MnO–MgO BNPs. The UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed BNPs’ formation with a characteristic absorption band around 300 nm, while FTIR analysis verified functional groups involved in stabilization. Also, EDX analysis revealed Mn- and Mg-rich compositions, and TEM/SEM imaging showed angular, flake-like crystalline structures with sizes ranging from 10 to 85 nm. Additionally, XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline phases of MnO and MgO. Biological evaluation demonstrated selective, dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀ = 96.09 µg/mL). The biosynthesized MnO–MgO BNPs demonstrated remarkable broad-spectrum antibacterial effectiveness, with the largest inhibition zone against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (25.67 ± 0.57 mm) and a percent inhibition of 106.96% when compared to ciprofloxacin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) varied from 32 to 256 µg/mL, with Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC 35552 having the lowest MIC₅₀ of 11.56 µg/mL, according to a quantitative analysis. The BNPs mainly showed a bactericidal effect when tested against most uropathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25668 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Additionally, significant biofilm clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (67.97 ± 0.29%) and outstanding antibiofilm properties were noted, particularly against Proteus mirabilis ATCC 29906 (92.04% inhibition at sub-MIC levels). Checkerboard studies showed a high synergistic interaction with amoxicillin against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.375, significantly reducing the required dosage of both medications. These findings highlight the multifunctional therapeutic potential of mycosynthesized MnO–MgO BNPs for biomedical applications.