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Background <p>Mastitis poses a significant threat to dairy industry and public health due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Escherichia coli</i>. This study provides a genomic characterization of two MDR <i>E. coli</i> strains, MBBL4 and MBBL5, from bovine mastitis in Bangladesh, highlighting their evolutionary relationships, resistome, and virulome.</p> Methods <p>Species-level identification of MBBL4 and MBBL5 was confirmed using biochemical assays, VITEK-2 system, and<i> 16S rRNA</i> gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling was conducted to determine their resistance patterns. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and comprehensive genomic analysis were performed for phylogenetic, comparative genomics, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) analyses.</p> Results <p>Both isolates exhibited extensive MDR patterns, showing resistance to ten antibiotics. Phylogenetic and ANI analyses showed that MBBL4 clustered with mastitis-associated and human bacteremia strains of <i>E. coli</i>, while MBBL5 was closely related to wildlife-associated strains, reflecting divergent evolutionary lineages. Pangenome analysis revealed an open pangenome structure, indicating high genetic diversity, with MBBL4 harboring 21 unique genes and MBBL5 possessing nine unique genes. Both genomes harbored numerous ARGs spanning over 11 antibiotic classes, and VFGs, predominantly associated with adherence and secretion systems, underscoring their extensive resistome, virulome, and adaptive potentials. Abundant MGEs (plasmids, prophages, insertion sequence elements and genomic islands) further underscored the role of horizontal gene transfer in driving resistance and virulence in these strains.</p> Conclusion <p>This study highlights the zoonotic potential and adaptive capacity of MDR <i>E. coli</i> from bovine mastitis in Bangladesh driven by resistome, virulome, and mobile genetic elements. These findings highlight the urgent need for One Health-based genomic surveillance to mitigate MDR <i>E. coli</i> transmission from dairy farms to humans and the environment.</p>

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Genomic insights into multidrug resistant Escherichia coli from bovine mastitis in Bangladesh

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Naim Siddique,
  • Kh. Yeashir Arafat,
  • Md Abu Ahsan Gilman,
  • Md. Morshedur Rahman,
  • Ziban Chandra Das,
  • Tofazzal Islam,
  • M. Nazmul Hoque

摘要

Background

Mastitis poses a significant threat to dairy industry and public health due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. This study provides a genomic characterization of two MDR E. coli strains, MBBL4 and MBBL5, from bovine mastitis in Bangladesh, highlighting their evolutionary relationships, resistome, and virulome.

Methods

Species-level identification of MBBL4 and MBBL5 was confirmed using biochemical assays, VITEK-2 system, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling was conducted to determine their resistance patterns. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and comprehensive genomic analysis were performed for phylogenetic, comparative genomics, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) analyses.

Results

Both isolates exhibited extensive MDR patterns, showing resistance to ten antibiotics. Phylogenetic and ANI analyses showed that MBBL4 clustered with mastitis-associated and human bacteremia strains of E. coli, while MBBL5 was closely related to wildlife-associated strains, reflecting divergent evolutionary lineages. Pangenome analysis revealed an open pangenome structure, indicating high genetic diversity, with MBBL4 harboring 21 unique genes and MBBL5 possessing nine unique genes. Both genomes harbored numerous ARGs spanning over 11 antibiotic classes, and VFGs, predominantly associated with adherence and secretion systems, underscoring their extensive resistome, virulome, and adaptive potentials. Abundant MGEs (plasmids, prophages, insertion sequence elements and genomic islands) further underscored the role of horizontal gene transfer in driving resistance and virulence in these strains.

Conclusion

This study highlights the zoonotic potential and adaptive capacity of MDR E. coli from bovine mastitis in Bangladesh driven by resistome, virulome, and mobile genetic elements. These findings highlight the urgent need for One Health-based genomic surveillance to mitigate MDR E. coli transmission from dairy farms to humans and the environment.