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<p>Continuous pepper cropping induces soil-borne diseases and disrupts rhizosphere microecological balance. This study employed untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics to investigate treatment effects on rhizosphere metabolic reprogramming and microbe–metabolite interactions. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> residues (TCMR) were rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, exhibiting significant inhibition against soil-borne pathogens (<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Fusarium solani</i>, and others; &gt;70% inhibition at high doses). While single fumigation (W1, M1) transiently suppressed pathogens, it disrupted rhizosphere metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, combined fumigation-TCMR treatments (WC, MC) enhanced plant stress resistance, stabilized membrane integrity, and reshaped microbial communities by modulating amino acid, lipid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Microbe–metabolite network analysis revealed that coupling carbon–nitrogen cycling with redox homeostasis drives soil microecological optimization. This integrated strategy provides a sustainable solution for continuous cropping obstacles through synergistic metabolic reprogramming and microbiome reconstruction.</p>

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Sustainable management of soil-borne disease: integrating fumigation with Andrographis paniculata residues to rebuild rhizosphere function

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Xiangqin Xu,
  • Deqiang Qin,
  • Xiaoping Qin,
  • Xi Gao,
  • Chunhong Li,
  • Xiaowen Liu,
  • Guoxing Wu

摘要

Continuous pepper cropping induces soil-borne diseases and disrupts rhizosphere microecological balance. This study employed untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics to investigate treatment effects on rhizosphere metabolic reprogramming and microbe–metabolite interactions. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Andrographis paniculata residues (TCMR) were rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, exhibiting significant inhibition against soil-borne pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and others; >70% inhibition at high doses). While single fumigation (W1, M1) transiently suppressed pathogens, it disrupted rhizosphere metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, combined fumigation-TCMR treatments (WC, MC) enhanced plant stress resistance, stabilized membrane integrity, and reshaped microbial communities by modulating amino acid, lipid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Microbe–metabolite network analysis revealed that coupling carbon–nitrogen cycling with redox homeostasis drives soil microecological optimization. This integrated strategy provides a sustainable solution for continuous cropping obstacles through synergistic metabolic reprogramming and microbiome reconstruction.