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Background <p>Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.) is an important oilseed crop; the comprehensive transcriptional landscape and regulatory networks underlying its floral organogenesis remain largely uncharacterized. A comprehensive understanding of gene expression dynamics among different floral organs is essential for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying flower development.</p> Results <p>To address this, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of four floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels) using RNA-seq.&#xa0;Based on commonly used criteria (|log2FC| ≥ 1, FDR &lt; 0.05), pairwise comparisons identified 5,685 to 10,253 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among organs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly associated with metabolic processes, catalytic activity, and intracellular components. Notably, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that a subset of DEGs was significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathways, ABC transporters, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Core genes from eight hormone signaling pathways exhibited distinct organ-specific expression patterns, suggesting a coordinated network orchestrating organ differentiation. Complementing these findings, we identified 18 <i>MIKC-MADS</i> genes; promoter analysis indicated an enrichment of cis-elements responsive to hormones and stress, linking hormonal signals to transcriptional regulation. Expression pattern analysis further supported the conservation of the classical ABCDE model of floral organ identity in sesame, with class A (<i>SiAP1</i>), class B (<i>SiPI/SiAP3</i>), class C (<i>SiAG</i>), class D (<i>SiSHP2</i>), and class E (<i>SiSEP</i>) genes displaying strict organ-specific expression.</p> Conclusions <p>This study provides a transcriptomic atlas for sesame floral organs, characterizes potential hormone signaling networks and MIKC-MADS regulatory associations, and presents genetic resources that may be useful for future functional genomics and molecular breeding.</p>

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of sesame flower organs and potential functional analysis of the MIKC-MADS gene family

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Qiyuan An,
  • Hongsen Cheng,
  • Huijie Sun,
  • Yanbin Na,
  • Guangzhen Zhou,
  • Dexue Gao

摘要

Background

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop; the comprehensive transcriptional landscape and regulatory networks underlying its floral organogenesis remain largely uncharacterized. A comprehensive understanding of gene expression dynamics among different floral organs is essential for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying flower development.

Results

To address this, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of four floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels) using RNA-seq. Based on commonly used criteria (|log2FC| ≥ 1, FDR < 0.05), pairwise comparisons identified 5,685 to 10,253 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among organs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly associated with metabolic processes, catalytic activity, and intracellular components. Notably, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that a subset of DEGs was significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathways, ABC transporters, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Core genes from eight hormone signaling pathways exhibited distinct organ-specific expression patterns, suggesting a coordinated network orchestrating organ differentiation. Complementing these findings, we identified 18 MIKC-MADS genes; promoter analysis indicated an enrichment of cis-elements responsive to hormones and stress, linking hormonal signals to transcriptional regulation. Expression pattern analysis further supported the conservation of the classical ABCDE model of floral organ identity in sesame, with class A (SiAP1), class B (SiPI/SiAP3), class C (SiAG), class D (SiSHP2), and class E (SiSEP) genes displaying strict organ-specific expression.

Conclusions

This study provides a transcriptomic atlas for sesame floral organs, characterizes potential hormone signaling networks and MIKC-MADS regulatory associations, and presents genetic resources that may be useful for future functional genomics and molecular breeding.