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<p>The muskmelon fruit cracks easily at the umbilicus, which affects the appearance and commercial value of the fruit. Therefore, it is important to explore the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon. In this study, the blossom-end scar tissue cells of clean water-treated large blossom-end scar (CK-BD), clean water-treated small blossom-end scar (CK-BX) and hormone (GA<sub>3</sub>)-treated small blossom-end scar (T-BX) materials at different developmental stages were observed, and transcriptomic analysis was performed on the blossom-end scar tissues of the three groups of treated materials at different developmental stages and at the same developmental stage. The changes in molecular regulation after treatment of the small blossom-end scar with exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> were analyzed. Exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> treatment was found to directly induce an increase in the diameter of blossom-end scar tissue cells and eventually lead to the development of large blossom-end scar traits. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 62 genes were coregulated in CK-BD, CK-BX and T-BX at different developmental stages. There were 23 genes that regulated umbilical development in all three groups of melon. These genes were the core differentially expressed genes that induced the transition from the small blossom-end scar phenotype to the large blossom-end scar phenotype after exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> treatment. KEGG classification and enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were involved mainly in metabolic processes. Cell development and metabolism were regulated mainly through glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to promote cell growth. In addition, qRT‒PCR analysis revealed that the expression patterns of the <i>MELO3C005577</i> and <i>MELO3C001274</i> genes in the small blossom-end scar (BX) material in response to exogenous GA<sub>3</sub> were consistent with those in the large blossom-end scar (BD) material, and positive induction of gene expression promoted the enlargement of the blossom-end scar. In summary, the large amount of data collected in this study can be used for further analysis and study of the molecular mechanisms and key gene functions involved in umbilical growth and development and hormone response in melon.</p>

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Transcriptomic analysis identifies key regulatory genes for blossom-end scar size and GA3 regulation in melon (Cucumis melo L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Rui Bao,
  • Guang Liu,
  • Shan Su,
  • Tiantian Yang,
  • Huilin Wang,
  • Chaonan Wang

摘要

The muskmelon fruit cracks easily at the umbilicus, which affects the appearance and commercial value of the fruit. Therefore, it is important to explore the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon. In this study, the blossom-end scar tissue cells of clean water-treated large blossom-end scar (CK-BD), clean water-treated small blossom-end scar (CK-BX) and hormone (GA3)-treated small blossom-end scar (T-BX) materials at different developmental stages were observed, and transcriptomic analysis was performed on the blossom-end scar tissues of the three groups of treated materials at different developmental stages and at the same developmental stage. The changes in molecular regulation after treatment of the small blossom-end scar with exogenous GA3 were analyzed. Exogenous GA3 treatment was found to directly induce an increase in the diameter of blossom-end scar tissue cells and eventually lead to the development of large blossom-end scar traits. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 62 genes were coregulated in CK-BD, CK-BX and T-BX at different developmental stages. There were 23 genes that regulated umbilical development in all three groups of melon. These genes were the core differentially expressed genes that induced the transition from the small blossom-end scar phenotype to the large blossom-end scar phenotype after exogenous GA3 treatment. KEGG classification and enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were involved mainly in metabolic processes. Cell development and metabolism were regulated mainly through glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to promote cell growth. In addition, qRT‒PCR analysis revealed that the expression patterns of the MELO3C005577 and MELO3C001274 genes in the small blossom-end scar (BX) material in response to exogenous GA3 were consistent with those in the large blossom-end scar (BD) material, and positive induction of gene expression promoted the enlargement of the blossom-end scar. In summary, the large amount of data collected in this study can be used for further analysis and study of the molecular mechanisms and key gene functions involved in umbilical growth and development and hormone response in melon.