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Background <p><i>Argentina anserina</i> and <i>Argentina lineata</i> are alpine plant species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). However, the dynamic features of their mitochondrial genome characteristics remain poorly characterized.</p> Methods <p>We conducted <i>de novo</i> assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genomes of two <i>Argentina</i> species using PacBio HiFi and Illumina sequencing technologies.</p> Results <p>The mitochondrial genomes of <i>A. anserina</i> and <i>A. lineata</i> both exhibit a single circular structure, with sizes of 294,533&#xa0;bp and 338,624&#xa0;bp, respectively. Both genomes encode 30 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, but differ in the number of transfer RNA (tRNA) genes (18 vs. 19), with <i>A. lineata</i> harboring the unique <i>trnS-UGA</i>. Codons exhibit a preference for A/U endings, consistent with their respective genomic GC contents (44.48% and 43.98%). A total of 217 high-confidence RNA editing sites were detected in <i>A. anserina</i> and 209 in <i>A. lineata</i>, with the majority of these edits leading to hydrophobic amino acid substitutions. Experimental validation confirmed RNA editing at four target sites (i.e., <i>nad1-2</i>, <i>nad4L-2</i>, <i>atp6-718</i>, and <i>ccmFC-1312</i>) in <i>A. anserina</i>. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) analysis identified 20 and 29 chloroplast derived sequences in mitochondrial genomes of <i>A. anserina</i> and <i>A. lineata</i>, respectively, including the complete <i>trnD-GUC</i> gene and fragments of <i>atpB</i>, <i>rpoC1</i>, and <i>rpoC2</i> genes, which contributes to the remodeling of energy metabolic pathways. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the genus <i>Argentina</i> is more closely related to <i>Potentilla</i> than to <i>Fragaria</i>, and synteny analysis further revealed genomic structural divergence among these genera.</p> Conclusions <p>This study elucidates the potential roles of RNA editing and HGT events in the mitochondrial genome evolution of the two <i>Argentina</i> species, and furnishes valuable mitochondrial genomic resources for alpine plant research.</p>

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Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of two species of Argentina (Rosaceae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Zhongqiong Tian,
  • Xien Wu,
  • Ticao Zhang,
  • La Qiong

摘要

Background

Argentina anserina and Argentina lineata are alpine plant species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). However, the dynamic features of their mitochondrial genome characteristics remain poorly characterized.

Methods

We conducted de novo assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genomes of two Argentina species using PacBio HiFi and Illumina sequencing technologies.

Results

The mitochondrial genomes of A. anserina and A. lineata both exhibit a single circular structure, with sizes of 294,533 bp and 338,624 bp, respectively. Both genomes encode 30 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, but differ in the number of transfer RNA (tRNA) genes (18 vs. 19), with A. lineata harboring the unique trnS-UGA. Codons exhibit a preference for A/U endings, consistent with their respective genomic GC contents (44.48% and 43.98%). A total of 217 high-confidence RNA editing sites were detected in A. anserina and 209 in A. lineata, with the majority of these edits leading to hydrophobic amino acid substitutions. Experimental validation confirmed RNA editing at four target sites (i.e., nad1-2, nad4L-2, atp6-718, and ccmFC-1312) in A. anserina. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) analysis identified 20 and 29 chloroplast derived sequences in mitochondrial genomes of A. anserina and A. lineata, respectively, including the complete trnD-GUC gene and fragments of atpB, rpoC1, and rpoC2 genes, which contributes to the remodeling of energy metabolic pathways. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the genus Argentina is more closely related to Potentilla than to Fragaria, and synteny analysis further revealed genomic structural divergence among these genera.

Conclusions

This study elucidates the potential roles of RNA editing and HGT events in the mitochondrial genome evolution of the two Argentina species, and furnishes valuable mitochondrial genomic resources for alpine plant research.