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<p>This study presents the first comprehensive genomic atlas of Egypt’s native honeybee, <i>Apis mellifera lamarckii</i>. Along with the Morphometric Assessment, a thorough examination of <i>A. m. lamarckii</i> workers and taxonomical characterization was conducted. Using PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly, revealing unique adaptations underlying its resilience to pathogens and arid climates. Key genomic findings revealed a triple-copy amplification of the <i>Defensin-1</i> (<i>Def-1</i>) gene, providing a structural basis for its natural resistance to <i>Varroa destructor</i> mites. Transcriptomic profiling under pesticide stress confirmed functional consequences, showing dramatic upregulation of <i>SFCYP5</i> (&gt; 110-fold) and <i>Def-1</i> (&gt; 50-fold), alongside trade-offs including <i>ABA</i> suppression (0.01-fold). Morphometric analysis of 120 workers confirmed distinct physical traits, including smaller body size (proboscis: 5.45–5.46&#xa0;mm; hindwing length: ~6.01&#xa0;mm) and reduced colony sizes compared to European subspecies. Whole-genome resequencing identified structural variants near immune loci (<i>Def-1</i> and <i>Hymenoptaecin</i>) and detoxification genes (<i>SFCYP</i> family), with significant enrichment in pathogen-recognition pathways (KEGG map04626; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001. These results resolve <i>A. m. lamarckii</i>’s evolutionary divergence and provide critical genomic tools for conserving its unique adaptations amid hybridization threats.</p>

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Whole-genome sequencing of Apis mellifera lamarckii: first comprehensive genomic atlas of Egyptian honeybees reveals pathogen resistance mechanisms and local adaptation signatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Tarek Essa Abd El-wahab,
  • Elsayed E. Hafez,
  • Mohammad Mohammad Bedewy,
  • Ashraf S. Sherif,
  • Marwa B. M. Gomaa,
  • Ramy E. El-Ansary,
  • Mohamed Kandel,
  • Ayman M. M. Ghania,
  • Khaled M. A. Abdel-Hameed,
  • Ahmed Ali Shaheen,
  • Ahmed A. Saleh

摘要

This study presents the first comprehensive genomic atlas of Egypt’s native honeybee, Apis mellifera lamarckii. Along with the Morphometric Assessment, a thorough examination of A. m. lamarckii workers and taxonomical characterization was conducted. Using PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly, revealing unique adaptations underlying its resilience to pathogens and arid climates. Key genomic findings revealed a triple-copy amplification of the Defensin-1 (Def-1) gene, providing a structural basis for its natural resistance to Varroa destructor mites. Transcriptomic profiling under pesticide stress confirmed functional consequences, showing dramatic upregulation of SFCYP5 (> 110-fold) and Def-1 (> 50-fold), alongside trade-offs including ABA suppression (0.01-fold). Morphometric analysis of 120 workers confirmed distinct physical traits, including smaller body size (proboscis: 5.45–5.46 mm; hindwing length: ~6.01 mm) and reduced colony sizes compared to European subspecies. Whole-genome resequencing identified structural variants near immune loci (Def-1 and Hymenoptaecin) and detoxification genes (SFCYP family), with significant enrichment in pathogen-recognition pathways (KEGG map04626; p < 0.0001. These results resolve A. m. lamarckii’s evolutionary divergence and provide critical genomic tools for conserving its unique adaptations amid hybridization threats.