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<p>This review synthesizes how amino acid (AA) metabolism regulates rice stress tolerance, growth and quality through stress protection and growth-modulating pathways, bridging mechanisms to field applications. Under abiotic stresses, rice accumulates specific AAs—notably proline (Pro), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and branched-chain AAs (BCAAs)—as osmoprotectants and antioxidants, correlating strongly with stress tolerance. Genetic evidence establishes causality: overexpression of biosynthetic genes (e.g., <i>OsOAT</i> for Pro, <i>OsDIAT</i> for BCAAs), while suppressing catabolism (e.g., <i>OsProDH</i> knockout) or engineering AA transporters (AATs) (e.g., ABA-induced <i>OsANT1</i> for amino acids redistribution) enhances tolerance. Integrated AA biosynthetic, catabolic, and transport pathways collectively maintain cellular function under stress. These insights enable practical strategies: exogenous AA treatments (e.g., Pro, GABA) mitigate stress damage, while breeding/engineering (e.g., <i>OsAAP3</i>, <i>OsAAP11</i>, and <i>OsProDH</i> knockout) develops high-yield, high-quality, and stress-tolerant rice. Future work should translate molecular insights into field applications, addressing trade-offs between growth, nutrition, and tolerance to enhance climate-resilient rice production.</p>

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Amino Acid Regulation in Rice: Integrated Mechanisms and Agricultural Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Hangfei Luo,
  • Bowen Wu,
  • Bakht Amin,
  • Jiaxu Li,
  • Zhongbo Chen,
  • Jian Shi,
  • Weiting Huang,
  • Zhongming Fang

摘要

This review synthesizes how amino acid (AA) metabolism regulates rice stress tolerance, growth and quality through stress protection and growth-modulating pathways, bridging mechanisms to field applications. Under abiotic stresses, rice accumulates specific AAs—notably proline (Pro), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and branched-chain AAs (BCAAs)—as osmoprotectants and antioxidants, correlating strongly with stress tolerance. Genetic evidence establishes causality: overexpression of biosynthetic genes (e.g., OsOAT for Pro, OsDIAT for BCAAs), while suppressing catabolism (e.g., OsProDH knockout) or engineering AA transporters (AATs) (e.g., ABA-induced OsANT1 for amino acids redistribution) enhances tolerance. Integrated AA biosynthetic, catabolic, and transport pathways collectively maintain cellular function under stress. These insights enable practical strategies: exogenous AA treatments (e.g., Pro, GABA) mitigate stress damage, while breeding/engineering (e.g., OsAAP3, OsAAP11, and OsProDH knockout) develops high-yield, high-quality, and stress-tolerant rice. Future work should translate molecular insights into field applications, addressing trade-offs between growth, nutrition, and tolerance to enhance climate-resilient rice production.