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Introduction <p>A burn injury is a severe global healthcare burden and is associated with high mortality risk. The mortality rate is marked, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. Despite its clinical importance, recent epidemiological data on burn injury and mortality are limited in the area of critical care units in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the survival status and predictors of mortality among burn patients admitted to intensive care units.</p> Material and methods <p>This multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted at Addis Ababa governmental hospitals in Ethiopia. The research targets the burn patients admitted to Intensive Care Units between January 1, 2019, and December 30, 2022. Data were extracted from the medical record. Survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and predictors of mortality were identified using Cox proportional hazard regression. The crude and adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using bivariable and multivariable Cox regression models. A p-value of &lt; 0.05 was considered a significant variable.</p> Results <p>Among 422 patients, 416 were enrolled for the final analysis. During follow-up, 149 (35.82%) patients died. The overall incidence rate of 30-day mortality among burn patients admitted to the ICU was 55 deaths per 1000 persons per day of observation (95% CI: 4.7, 6.5). Electrical burn (AHR: 11.9 (95% CI: 3.01, 46.32)), inhalational injury (AHR = 5.32 (95% CI: 1.61, 17.8)), head and neck injury (AHR = 5.12 (95% CI: 2.35, 11.16)), shock (AHR: 4.27 (95% CI: 1.44, 12.7)), full thickness burn (AHR = 2.6 (95% CI: 1.7, 4.05)), age (AHR = 2.35 (95% CI: 1.05, 5.25)), mechanical ventilation (AHR = 2.3 (95% CI: 1.2, 4.29)), %TBSA &gt; 20 (AHR = 2.03 (95% CI: 1.4, 3.04). and receiving vasopressors (AHR = 2.02 (95% CI: 1.16, 3.5)) were the significant predictors of mortality.</p> Conclusion and recommendation <p>The mortality of burn patients admitted to the ICU was high. Electrical burn, inhalational injury, head and neck injury, shock, full-thickness burn, age, mechanical ventilation, receiving vasopressors, and %TBSA &gt; 20 were significant predictors. A future prospective study with a large sample size is recommended for vital evidence.</p>

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Survival status and predictors of mortality among burn patients admitted to intensive care units at burn centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Habtu Tsehayu Bayu,
  • Mulualem Sitot Fekede,
  • Wubayehu Amare Asrat,
  • Samuel Belay Ayalew,
  • Amanuel Sisay Endeshaw

摘要

Introduction

A burn injury is a severe global healthcare burden and is associated with high mortality risk. The mortality rate is marked, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. Despite its clinical importance, recent epidemiological data on burn injury and mortality are limited in the area of critical care units in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the survival status and predictors of mortality among burn patients admitted to intensive care units.

Material and methods

This multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted at Addis Ababa governmental hospitals in Ethiopia. The research targets the burn patients admitted to Intensive Care Units between January 1, 2019, and December 30, 2022. Data were extracted from the medical record. Survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and predictors of mortality were identified using Cox proportional hazard regression. The crude and adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using bivariable and multivariable Cox regression models. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered a significant variable.

Results

Among 422 patients, 416 were enrolled for the final analysis. During follow-up, 149 (35.82%) patients died. The overall incidence rate of 30-day mortality among burn patients admitted to the ICU was 55 deaths per 1000 persons per day of observation (95% CI: 4.7, 6.5). Electrical burn (AHR: 11.9 (95% CI: 3.01, 46.32)), inhalational injury (AHR = 5.32 (95% CI: 1.61, 17.8)), head and neck injury (AHR = 5.12 (95% CI: 2.35, 11.16)), shock (AHR: 4.27 (95% CI: 1.44, 12.7)), full thickness burn (AHR = 2.6 (95% CI: 1.7, 4.05)), age (AHR = 2.35 (95% CI: 1.05, 5.25)), mechanical ventilation (AHR = 2.3 (95% CI: 1.2, 4.29)), %TBSA > 20 (AHR = 2.03 (95% CI: 1.4, 3.04). and receiving vasopressors (AHR = 2.02 (95% CI: 1.16, 3.5)) were the significant predictors of mortality.

Conclusion and recommendation

The mortality of burn patients admitted to the ICU was high. Electrical burn, inhalational injury, head and neck injury, shock, full-thickness burn, age, mechanical ventilation, receiving vasopressors, and %TBSA > 20 were significant predictors. A future prospective study with a large sample size is recommended for vital evidence.