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Background <p>Exogenous (outward-directed) and endogenous (inward-directed) neural systems are essential for cognition and behavior. However, how they are altered in neurodiverse (ND) children remains unanswered in part due to heterogeneity. Sensory over-responsivity (SOR), the most prevalent form of sensory processing disorder (SPD), serves as a quintessential paradigm for investigating the interaction between exogenous and endogenous brain networks given that both basic and higher-order sensory processing are substantially implicated in this condition.</p> Methods <p>Neurodiverse children ages 8–12 years old (<i>n</i> = 83; 30 females and 53 males) were directly assessed for SOR using a structured clinical evaluation, the Sensory Processing 3 Dimensions Assessment (SP3D:A), and underwent 3 Tesla MRI. 39 ND children presented with SOR (ND/SOR) and 44 ND children presented without SOR (ND/NO-SOR). Exogenous and endogenous functional connectivity networks (FCNs) were generated through independent component analysis and investigated with two local functional connectivity (FC) measures, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), as well as a long-range FC measure, dual regression (DR). Moreover, we examined FC in the context of behavioral regulation as assessed through the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, 3rd edition (BASC-3), categorizing children as “resilient” or “dysregulated” through latent profile analysis.</p> Results <p>In general, ND/SOR children exhibit reduced long-range exogenous FC. However, in terms of local FC, we find that ND/SOR children have reduced exogenous and elevated endogenous FC which is diametrically opposed to ND/NO-SOR children. Furthermore, this double dissociation is specific to ND children who are behaviorally resilient, while emotionally dysregulated ND children possess a distinct pattern.</p> Conclusion <p>Achieving optimal brain system connectivity—a balanced contrast—is influenced by sensory over-responsivity and essential for resilience.</p>

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A neural substrate for sensory over-responsivity defined by exogenous and endogenous brain systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Hannah L. Choi,
  • Maia C. Lazerwitz,
  • Rachel Powers,
  • Mikaela Rowe,
  • Jamie Wren-Jarvis,
  • Amir Sadikov,
  • Lanya T. Cai,
  • Robyn Chu,
  • LaShelle Rullan,
  • Kaitlyn J. Trimarchi,
  • Rafael D. Garcia,
  • Elysa J. Marco,
  • Pratik Mukherjee

摘要

Background

Exogenous (outward-directed) and endogenous (inward-directed) neural systems are essential for cognition and behavior. However, how they are altered in neurodiverse (ND) children remains unanswered in part due to heterogeneity. Sensory over-responsivity (SOR), the most prevalent form of sensory processing disorder (SPD), serves as a quintessential paradigm for investigating the interaction between exogenous and endogenous brain networks given that both basic and higher-order sensory processing are substantially implicated in this condition.

Methods

Neurodiverse children ages 8–12 years old (n = 83; 30 females and 53 males) were directly assessed for SOR using a structured clinical evaluation, the Sensory Processing 3 Dimensions Assessment (SP3D:A), and underwent 3 Tesla MRI. 39 ND children presented with SOR (ND/SOR) and 44 ND children presented without SOR (ND/NO-SOR). Exogenous and endogenous functional connectivity networks (FCNs) were generated through independent component analysis and investigated with two local functional connectivity (FC) measures, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), as well as a long-range FC measure, dual regression (DR). Moreover, we examined FC in the context of behavioral regulation as assessed through the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, 3rd edition (BASC-3), categorizing children as “resilient” or “dysregulated” through latent profile analysis.

Results

In general, ND/SOR children exhibit reduced long-range exogenous FC. However, in terms of local FC, we find that ND/SOR children have reduced exogenous and elevated endogenous FC which is diametrically opposed to ND/NO-SOR children. Furthermore, this double dissociation is specific to ND children who are behaviorally resilient, while emotionally dysregulated ND children possess a distinct pattern.

Conclusion

Achieving optimal brain system connectivity—a balanced contrast—is influenced by sensory over-responsivity and essential for resilience.