Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles from Solanum marginatum and its enhanced anti inflammatory activity in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cell lines
摘要
Nowadays, there is an increase in the demand for plant-extract-mediated nanoparticles, mainly due to low toxicity and biocompatibility, which owing to their enhanced bioavailability, exhibit significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and antiviral activities. However, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (SM-Au NPs) offers a sustainable targeted and effective way for drug delivery. This study first report to our knowledge demonstrated that gold nanoparticles (SM-Au NPs) synthesized from aqueous leaf extract of Solanum marginatum (SM), evaluated their in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity and their underlying mechanism in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 cells. The peak at UV-Vis 540 nm confirmed formation of SM-Au NPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) of SM-Au NPs revealed a hydrodynamic size of 1253.3 nm and zeta potential of − 21.1 mV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that SM-Au NPs were crystalline and pure with an average crystal size of 22.3 nm. The cytotoxicity results confirmed that SM-Au NPs were found to be did not show cytotoxic effect within the concentration of 6.25–12.5 µg/mL against RAW 264.7 macrophages. SM-Au NPs inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner showing 45.31% inhibition at 12.5 µg/mL with IC50 value of 9.7 ± 1.38 µg/mL. RT-PCR analysis revealed that SM-Au NPs IC50 at 9.7 µg/mL significantly down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines to IL-1β 0.2 (**p ≤ 0.01), TNF-α to 0.51 (**p ≤ 0.01), and up-regulates anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β to 83.59-fold (**p ≤ 0.01) folds at in comparison with SM-AQ and LPS controls. Our study revealed that SM-Au NPs emphasized their potential use to develop new anti-inflammatory agents by using Solanum marginatum.