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<p>Transformer reliability is strongly governed by the condition of insulating oil; however, limited studies have directly compared real-time aged transformer oil with standardized accelerated-aged oil or evaluated nanofluid performance in aged insulation systems. This study presents a novel comparative framework that first standardizes accelerated aging by matching its dielectric behavior and fault gas signatures with real-time aged transformer oil, and subsequently evaluates the effectiveness of mineral oil-based nanofluids in mitigating aging-induced degradation. Real-time aged and accelerated-aged oils were comparatively evaluated using dielectric constant, dielectric dissipation factor, resistivity, thermal conductivity, and dissolved gas analysis. To restore degraded insulation performance, nanofluids containing cerium oxide and zirconium oxide nanoparticles were prepared and aged under identical conditions. Optimal nanoparticle concentrations of 25&#xa0;mg/L for cerium oxide and 37.5&#xa0;mg/L for zirconium oxide were identified. At these concentrations, cerium oxide nanofluids exhibited improvements of + 21.05% in dielectric constant, + 88.47% in resistivity, − 39.27% in dielectric dissipation factor, and + 7.75% in thermal conductivity, while zirconium oxide nanofluids showed enhancements of + 28.07%, + 143.46%, − 40.24%, and + 9.58%, respectively, compared with aged mineral oil. Dissolved gas analysis further revealed a 30–40% reduction in key fault gas concentrations, resulting in a diagnostic shift from severe thermal faults to no-major-fault conditions. These improvements correspond to a 25–40% reduction in aging acceleration factor and an estimated 20–30% extension in insulation life. The results demonstrate the strong potential of cerium oxide- and zirconium oxide-based nanofluids as effective insulating fluids for enhancing the reliability and longevity of oil-immersed power transformers.</p>

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Influence of nanofluid on performance improvement of dielectric properties and dissolved gases in oil-immersed power transformers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Abdul Suboor,
  • Aejaz Masood,
  • Asfar Ali Khan,
  • Shabana Urooj,
  • Mujib Ullah Zuberi,
  • Shakeb A. Khan,
  • Obaidur Rahman,
  • Shaheen Parveen,
  • Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh

摘要

Transformer reliability is strongly governed by the condition of insulating oil; however, limited studies have directly compared real-time aged transformer oil with standardized accelerated-aged oil or evaluated nanofluid performance in aged insulation systems. This study presents a novel comparative framework that first standardizes accelerated aging by matching its dielectric behavior and fault gas signatures with real-time aged transformer oil, and subsequently evaluates the effectiveness of mineral oil-based nanofluids in mitigating aging-induced degradation. Real-time aged and accelerated-aged oils were comparatively evaluated using dielectric constant, dielectric dissipation factor, resistivity, thermal conductivity, and dissolved gas analysis. To restore degraded insulation performance, nanofluids containing cerium oxide and zirconium oxide nanoparticles were prepared and aged under identical conditions. Optimal nanoparticle concentrations of 25 mg/L for cerium oxide and 37.5 mg/L for zirconium oxide were identified. At these concentrations, cerium oxide nanofluids exhibited improvements of + 21.05% in dielectric constant, + 88.47% in resistivity, − 39.27% in dielectric dissipation factor, and + 7.75% in thermal conductivity, while zirconium oxide nanofluids showed enhancements of + 28.07%, + 143.46%, − 40.24%, and + 9.58%, respectively, compared with aged mineral oil. Dissolved gas analysis further revealed a 30–40% reduction in key fault gas concentrations, resulting in a diagnostic shift from severe thermal faults to no-major-fault conditions. These improvements correspond to a 25–40% reduction in aging acceleration factor and an estimated 20–30% extension in insulation life. The results demonstrate the strong potential of cerium oxide- and zirconium oxide-based nanofluids as effective insulating fluids for enhancing the reliability and longevity of oil-immersed power transformers.