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<p>Maxillofacial silicone prostheses are widely used for the rehabilitation of facial defects; yet, conventional silicones offer insufficient ultraviolet (UV) protection, potentially resulting in UV-related material and tissue problems. This in vitro study was aimed to improve the UV resistance of medical-grade silicone by adding different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by weight) of nano-oxides: silver (AgNPs), cerium oxide (CeO<sub>2</sub>), zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>). We have used UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry to test 200 samples of silicone materials for their ability to transmit UV rays and determine the Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) for UVA and UVB rays. Nanoparticles were synthesized via both green and chemical approaches. In this study Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were used to look at the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were then spread out using probe sonication before being mixed into the silicone material. For, statistical analysis, we used the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. For multivariate analysis, we used PERMANOVA and Holm correction. The results indicated that all silicones with added nano-oxide exhibited significantly improved UV protection relative to the control group. Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), especially at 1.5%, let in the least amount of UVA and UVB radiation and had the highest UPF values. Zinc oxide and cerium oxide provided moderate UV protection that was not linear and depended on the concentration. Silver nanoparticles, on the other hand, offered relatively poor UV protection. Adding nano-oxides to medical-grade silicone generally made it better at blocking UV rays. Further, studies are required before the material can be applied in a medical setting.</p>

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A comparative in vitro evaluation of nano-oxides for ultraviolet protection in maxillofacial silicones

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Saurabh Verma,
  • Shafath Ahmed Abdul,
  • Vidyashree Nandini Venugopal,
  • Naveen Raj Sivakumar,
  • Abinaya Saravanan

摘要

Maxillofacial silicone prostheses are widely used for the rehabilitation of facial defects; yet, conventional silicones offer insufficient ultraviolet (UV) protection, potentially resulting in UV-related material and tissue problems. This in vitro study was aimed to improve the UV resistance of medical-grade silicone by adding different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by weight) of nano-oxides: silver (AgNPs), cerium oxide (CeO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2). We have used UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry to test 200 samples of silicone materials for their ability to transmit UV rays and determine the Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) for UVA and UVB rays. Nanoparticles were synthesized via both green and chemical approaches. In this study Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were used to look at the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were then spread out using probe sonication before being mixed into the silicone material. For, statistical analysis, we used the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. For multivariate analysis, we used PERMANOVA and Holm correction. The results indicated that all silicones with added nano-oxide exhibited significantly improved UV protection relative to the control group. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), especially at 1.5%, let in the least amount of UVA and UVB radiation and had the highest UPF values. Zinc oxide and cerium oxide provided moderate UV protection that was not linear and depended on the concentration. Silver nanoparticles, on the other hand, offered relatively poor UV protection. Adding nano-oxides to medical-grade silicone generally made it better at blocking UV rays. Further, studies are required before the material can be applied in a medical setting.