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<p>The persistent challenge of gel instability and inadequate performance under harsh reservoir conditions limits the efficiency of polymer-based systems in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and water shutoff operations. This study addresses these limitations by introducing Fe₃O₄@Saponin/Ni nanocomposites as synergistic reinforcing agents within a standard HPAM/Cr(III) acetate gel system. Distinct from earlier nanocomposite additives, the specific incorporation of Nickel ions into the saponin-functionalized magnetite lattice provides a novel advantage: the formation of thermally durable Ni–O–Fe bonds and additional coordination sites that significantly enhance the gel’s resistance to thermal degradation and syneresis. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized and sequentially functionalized to ensure optimal dispersion and secondary crosslinking efficiency. Comprehensive characterization was performed using FT-IR, TGA, SEM, and DLS, followed by evaluation of gelation kinetics, dispersion stability, rheology, syneresis resistance, and core flooding performance under reservoir-mimicking conditions. Results revealed that the unique Ni-doped structure improved thermal stability, ensured uniform nanoparticle size (20–50&#xa0;nm), and promoted stable dispersion up to 500 ppm. The addition of these nanocomposites accelerated gelation rates at optimal concentrations (≤ 250 ppm), enhanced storage modulus, and dramatically reduced syneresis, exhibiting only 12% weight loss after two months at 110&#xa0;°C and 3000 psi. Core flooding tests confirmed the superior plugging efficiency, higher resistance factors, and long-term durability of the nanocomposite-reinforced gels compared to conventional formulations. These findings demonstrate that Fe₃O₄@Saponin/Ni nanocomposites provide a robust, multifunctional platform for advanced EOR, offering sustained mechanical and thermal resilience in demanding environments.</p>

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Synergistic reinforcement of HPAM/Cr(III) acetate polymer gels using Fe₃O₄@Saponin/Ni nanocomposites for conformance control applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月31日

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  • Heyder Mhohamdi,
  • Raman Kumar,
  • Ashutosh Pattanaik,
  • Hrushikesh Sarangi,
  • Deepak Gupta,
  • V. Naga Bhushana Rao,
  • Muyassar Norberdiyeva,
  • Vikasdeep Singh Mann,
  • Usama S. Altimari,
  • Aseel Smerat,
  • Ahmad Abumalek

摘要

The persistent challenge of gel instability and inadequate performance under harsh reservoir conditions limits the efficiency of polymer-based systems in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and water shutoff operations. This study addresses these limitations by introducing Fe₃O₄@Saponin/Ni nanocomposites as synergistic reinforcing agents within a standard HPAM/Cr(III) acetate gel system. Distinct from earlier nanocomposite additives, the specific incorporation of Nickel ions into the saponin-functionalized magnetite lattice provides a novel advantage: the formation of thermally durable Ni–O–Fe bonds and additional coordination sites that significantly enhance the gel’s resistance to thermal degradation and syneresis. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized and sequentially functionalized to ensure optimal dispersion and secondary crosslinking efficiency. Comprehensive characterization was performed using FT-IR, TGA, SEM, and DLS, followed by evaluation of gelation kinetics, dispersion stability, rheology, syneresis resistance, and core flooding performance under reservoir-mimicking conditions. Results revealed that the unique Ni-doped structure improved thermal stability, ensured uniform nanoparticle size (20–50 nm), and promoted stable dispersion up to 500 ppm. The addition of these nanocomposites accelerated gelation rates at optimal concentrations (≤ 250 ppm), enhanced storage modulus, and dramatically reduced syneresis, exhibiting only 12% weight loss after two months at 110 °C and 3000 psi. Core flooding tests confirmed the superior plugging efficiency, higher resistance factors, and long-term durability of the nanocomposite-reinforced gels compared to conventional formulations. These findings demonstrate that Fe₃O₄@Saponin/Ni nanocomposites provide a robust, multifunctional platform for advanced EOR, offering sustained mechanical and thermal resilience in demanding environments.