<p>Green nanotechnology offers scalable, low-emission solutions to address climate change, particularly within agriculture, energy, and environmental systems. This review explores its potential to enhance climate-resilient agriculture, focusing on peanut cultivation and decentralized energy access in vulnerable, rural regions. Key applications include solar-powered irrigation, nano-enhanced rural infrastructure, and the valorization of peanut shell biomass for sustainable bioenergy production. Advanced nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, perovskites, and magnetic nanoparticles, are examined for their role in improving energy reliability, postharvest preservation, and farming efficiency in off-grid areas. Special emphasis is placed on green synthesis methods and the use of nanocatalysts for bioethanol and biodiesel production, supporting low-carbon development goals. The review synthesizes interdisciplinary research from nanomaterials, renewable energy, and agricultural engineering to provide a systems-level perspective on addressing agricultural challenges through nanoinnovations. However, barriers remain, including inconsistent nanomaterial synthesis, limited rural deployment, and weak policy integration. Overcoming these challenges requires the development of field-ready, safe-by-design technologies and deployment strategies customized to local needs. Future research should prioritize scalable implementation and strong regulatory frameworks. This review contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2, 7, 9, and 13 by advancing integrated food, energy, and water security through climate-smart nanotechnologies. Stakeholders are encouraged to invest in pilot projects and foster cross-sector collaboration to accelerate real-world adoption.</p>