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Abstract <p>As the applications of MXenes expand, the need for research into the hazards associated with MAX phases increases. This study, for the first time, assessed the effects of the Cr<sub>2</sub>GaC MAX phase (crystal size 200–400 nm) on <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria, <i>Chlorella fusca</i> microalgae, and <i>Triticum aestivum</i> plants. A dose-dependent toxic effect of Cr<sub>2</sub>GaC on <i>E. coli</i> bacteria has been established. However, either no effect or a stimulating effect of the Cr<sub>2</sub>GaC MAX phase on the growth, viability, and photosynthetic parameters of <i>C. fusca</i> cultures was observed. Assessment of the effect of Cr<sub>2</sub>GaC on wheat plants also revealed no significant negative impact. These results can be used in the future development of MXene-based products and devices for biotechnology, agriculture, and environmental applications.</p>

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Ecotoxicity Assessment of the Cr2GaC MAX Phase for Bacteria, Microalgae, and Plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • O. V. Zakharova,
  • I. A. Vasyukova,
  • G. V. Grigoriev,
  • L. D. Rodionova,
  • S. M. Tatarko,
  • E. Yu. Koiava,
  • A. A. Gusev

摘要

Abstract

As the applications of MXenes expand, the need for research into the hazards associated with MAX phases increases. This study, for the first time, assessed the effects of the Cr2GaC MAX phase (crystal size 200–400 nm) on Escherichia coli bacteria, Chlorella fusca microalgae, and Triticum aestivum plants. A dose-dependent toxic effect of Cr2GaC on E. coli bacteria has been established. However, either no effect or a stimulating effect of the Cr2GaC MAX phase on the growth, viability, and photosynthetic parameters of C. fusca cultures was observed. Assessment of the effect of Cr2GaC on wheat plants also revealed no significant negative impact. These results can be used in the future development of MXene-based products and devices for biotechnology, agriculture, and environmental applications.