Abstract <p><i>Martynia annua</i> L. is a roadside weed commonly known as Tiger’s claw, Cat’s claw, and Devil’s claw have been used as a medicinal plant from ancient times. This review aimed to collect and compile information on <i>Martynia annua</i> L., covering its botanical characteristics, phytochemical composition, ethnomedicinal uses, pharmacological properties, and toxicological aspects. Traditional treatments often utilize various parts and compounds of this plants to address diverse ailments. <i>M. annua</i> L. stands out as an exceptionally versatile medicinal plant due to its rich array of bioactive compounds. <i>M. annua</i> L. possess pharmacological activities such as Antibacterial, Antifertility, Antifungal, Anti-anthelmintic, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Anticonvulsant, Anti-Muscular, Gastroprotective, Hepatoprotective, Immunomodulatory, and Wound healing activity. The phytoconstituents, including carbohydrates, phenols, tannins, glycosides, anthocyanins and flavonoids have been integral in traditional practices for treating various diseases such as epilepsy, tuberculosis, sore throats and inflammatory disorders. Plants remain a vital source of medicine for a large part of the global population, particularly in rural areas where access to effective and affordable treatments remains challenging. Future investigations into other bioactive compounds derived from <i>M. annua</i> L. may unveil its distinct therapeutic potential.</p>