Abstract <p>This paper proposes the structure of a parametric graph used in the ant colony method (ACM). The structure of a parametric graph in the form of a list of layers is developed. Various methods of decomposition of the layer of vertices responsible for discrete parameters into sublayers are considered. The decomposition of the parametric graph showed is effective when tested on the Carrom table function benchmark. An algorithm for the automatic optimal decomposition of a parametric graph is proposed by decomposing a layer of vertices into sublayers through decomposition into simple factors.</p>