Abstract <p>In the framework of cryptographic applications of finite quasigroups and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m3--> </InlineEquation>-quasigroups, there exist a number of properties imposed in order to provide cryptographic strength. In particular, V.A. Artamonov proposed using polynomially complete structures, or, equivalently, simple and non-affine <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m4--> </InlineEquation>-quasigroups. An amplification of non-affinity is strong non-affinity, i.e., non-affinity of all isotopes. In our paper, we investigate generic nature of these properties. Specifically, we prove that almost all <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m5--> </InlineEquation>-quasigroups are strongly non-affine (i.e., the fraction of strongly non-affine <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m6--> </InlineEquation>-quasigroups tends to <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m7--> </InlineEquation> as the order tends to infinity). Additionally, we focus on <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m8--> </InlineEquation>-quasigroups of the order <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(4\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m9--> </InlineEquation>. We obtain the exact number of simple, affine and simultaneously simple and affine <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m10--> </InlineEquation>-quasigroups of the order <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(4\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m11--> </InlineEquation>. These results directly imply polynomial completeness and strong non-affinity of almost all <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m12--> </InlineEquation>-quasigroups of the order <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(4\)</EquationSource> <!--LobJMat2561405Galatenko-m13--> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Polynomial Completeness and Strong Non-affinity of Almost All \(\boldsymbol{n}\)-Quasigroups

  • A. V. Galatenko,
  • V. V. Galatenko,
  • A. E. Pankratiev

摘要

Abstract

In the framework of cryptographic applications of finite quasigroups and \(n\) -quasigroups, there exist a number of properties imposed in order to provide cryptographic strength. In particular, V.A. Artamonov proposed using polynomially complete structures, or, equivalently, simple and non-affine \(n\) -quasigroups. An amplification of non-affinity is strong non-affinity, i.e., non-affinity of all isotopes. In our paper, we investigate generic nature of these properties. Specifically, we prove that almost all \(n\) -quasigroups are strongly non-affine (i.e., the fraction of strongly non-affine \(n\) -quasigroups tends to \(1\) as the order tends to infinity). Additionally, we focus on \(n\) -quasigroups of the order \(4\) . We obtain the exact number of simple, affine and simultaneously simple and affine \(n\) -quasigroups of the order \(4\) . These results directly imply polynomial completeness and strong non-affinity of almost all \(n\) -quasigroups of the order \(4\) .