Abstract <p>This article considers the ethnocontact zones (ECZs) of Buryatia, by which the authors understand as a type of ethnocultural region and chorological object formed as a result of interethnic interaction over a long historical-geographical period. Ones consisting of intersecting, overlapping, or adjacent ethnic areas and ethnic boundaries. Buryatia is presented as an important revealing region: a republic with a mosaic, diverse, and tolerant population; a multicultural complexly organized ethnocultural region; and a system of ECZs of different hierarchical levels. At the same time, Buryatia is a part of a larger ECZ. Statistical, cartographic, expeditionary, sociological, and other methods are used. The municipalities of Buryatia are grouped by ethnic composition and ethnic mosaic index (EMI), and calculations are carried out for nine key ECZs of rural settlements (RSs). An attempt is made to identify the specifics of the territorial structure of the ECZ, its place in the classification, historical and geographical features, and factors of formation and transformation of the ECZ at different historical and geographical stages. The main factors are positional (including the border position), landscape, political, and administrative; the nature of interethnic and intercivilizational interaction; models of territory development; and forms of interethnic interaction. Schematic maps characterizing the ECZ of municipalities are made. The study of ECZs also has practical significance. It can be used by governing bodies to implement regional policies at different levels. The materials can also be used in the educational process and activities and in planning the development of tourism.</p>