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<p>The rationale for the study is that clarifying the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of alcohol dependence (AD), particularly the immune-inflammatory pathways, remains a relevant challenge in narcology, given the important role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the disease. According to the results of the literature search, there have been no previous studies on determining the level of cytokines in lysates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in AD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with alcohol dependence and to analyze their relationship with the clinical characteristics of the disease. The parameters were determined in 36 patients with AD, average age 44.0 ± 7.9 years. Clinical assessment of the patients’ condition was performed dynamically (upon admission and on the 28th day of therapy), using the following scales: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS); Clinical Global Impressions Scale, Severity subscale (CGI-S); Snaith-Hamilton Anhedonia Rating Scale, modified for clinical research (SHAPS-C); Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). In mononuclear cell lysates isolated from patients’ blood upon admission to the hospital, concentrations of the cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-α were determined using the MAGPIX and Luminex 200 multiplex analytical platforms. Mononuclear cell lysates from 28 healthy individuals served as a control for laboratory studies. Increased levels of IL-1α and TGF-α in blood mononuclear cells were detected in patients with AD compared to control values. Opposite correlations were found between IL-1α concentration and clinical scale scores depending on the stage of therapy: protein levels negatively correlated with HARS scores obtained at the time of hospitalization, but positively with CGI-S, SHAPS-C, and OCDS scores obtained on day 28 of therapy. IL-1β and IL-13 levels were positively associated with HARS scores, while IL-13 was negatively correlated with CGI-S and OCDS scores on day 28 of therapy. These results expand our understanding of the contribution of inflammatory markers to the pathogenesis of AD and can be taken into account when developing treatment options.</p>

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Cytokine Levels in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Alcohol Dependence and Their Association with Clinical Characteristics (Pilot Study)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月1日

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  • E. V. Epimakhova,
  • E. V. Mikhalitskaya,
  • L. A. Levchuk,
  • A. S. Boyko,
  • G. G. Simutkin,
  • N. A. Bokhan,
  • S. A. Ivanova

摘要

The rationale for the study is that clarifying the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of alcohol dependence (AD), particularly the immune-inflammatory pathways, remains a relevant challenge in narcology, given the important role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the disease. According to the results of the literature search, there have been no previous studies on determining the level of cytokines in lysates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in AD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with alcohol dependence and to analyze their relationship with the clinical characteristics of the disease. The parameters were determined in 36 patients with AD, average age 44.0 ± 7.9 years. Clinical assessment of the patients’ condition was performed dynamically (upon admission and on the 28th day of therapy), using the following scales: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS); Clinical Global Impressions Scale, Severity subscale (CGI-S); Snaith-Hamilton Anhedonia Rating Scale, modified for clinical research (SHAPS-C); Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). In mononuclear cell lysates isolated from patients’ blood upon admission to the hospital, concentrations of the cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-α were determined using the MAGPIX and Luminex 200 multiplex analytical platforms. Mononuclear cell lysates from 28 healthy individuals served as a control for laboratory studies. Increased levels of IL-1α and TGF-α in blood mononuclear cells were detected in patients with AD compared to control values. Opposite correlations were found between IL-1α concentration and clinical scale scores depending on the stage of therapy: protein levels negatively correlated with HARS scores obtained at the time of hospitalization, but positively with CGI-S, SHAPS-C, and OCDS scores obtained on day 28 of therapy. IL-1β and IL-13 levels were positively associated with HARS scores, while IL-13 was negatively correlated with CGI-S and OCDS scores on day 28 of therapy. These results expand our understanding of the contribution of inflammatory markers to the pathogenesis of AD and can be taken into account when developing treatment options.