Abstract <p>Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) represents the primary contributor to disability and premature mortality among the population of China. The investigation of particular biomarkers aims to forecast the occurrence of ischemic CVD (ICVD), indicate the disease severity and identify individuals of poor prognosis so as to develop effective molecular tools. This study employed quantitative PCR and Pearson correlation analysis to assess the expression levels of miR-483-5p in the serum of ICVD patients and its association with the NIHSS score. The Chi-square test was utilized to investigate the relationship between miR-483-5p and clinical features. The logistic regression and ROC analysis were conducted to identify risk factors associated with the ICVD occurrence and the diagnostic efficacy of miR-483-5p. The prognostic outcome of ICVD patients was analyzed using the Chi-square test. A Cox regression model was employed to identify impact factors of poor prognosis. Survival curves for ICVD patients categorized by different levels of miR-483-5p were generated using the Kaplan–Meier method. miR-483-5p exhibited a significant upregulation in the serum of ICVD patients and demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the NIHSS score. The expression levels of miR-483-5p were significantly associated with both blood pressure and lipids in ICVD individuals, and miR-483-5p was the most influential risk factor for ICVD occurrence. Additionally, miR-483-5p possessed considerable discriminatory power in identifying ICVD. Both the NIHSS and miR-483-5p levels were significantly linked to poor prognosis in ICVD patients, with those who exhibited lower levels of miR-483-5p tending to have better prognoses. The miR-483-5p could potentially be a promising biomarker for ICVD. It could be applied in both the diagnosis of ICVD and the identification of individuals at risk for poor prognosis.</p>