Abstract <p>The article explores the core advantages of the ecosystem approach for enhancing the scientific and technological potential for the federal subjects of the Russian Federation. It analyzes the structure of modern regional innovation ecosystems and identifies the key criteria that differentiate the approaches to their cultivation and management across various countries. By synthesizing international experience (from the United States, European Union, and China) and analyzing Russian specificities, the article proposes a set of science and technology policy measures. These measures aim to establish viable interregional ecosystems in Russia through the development of organizational mechanisms for network-based collaboration, particularly via the creation of interregional partnerships, support for technological leaders, and shaping a favorable institutional environment for their growth.</p>