Abstract <p>The article examines the influence of the fuel and energy complex sectors of Russia on the spatial development of the country’s economy. An analysis of the dynamics, location of production and export directions of key energy resources was conducted. The key factors determining the development of fuel and energy complex industries were also analyzed. An assessment of the impact of various scenarios for the development of fuel and energy industries on the regional economies is given, the nature of territorial differentiation of industries is determined, and emerging imbalances in regional development are identified. The article presents proposals for economic policy aimed at increasing the sustainability and efficiency of the fuel and energy complex.</p>