Abstract <p>At present, issues of innovative development of industrial enterprises are becoming especially relevant. Innovative activity of companies allows them to be less dependent on external factors, which is especially important in the current geopolitical conditions. Moreover, innovatively active enterprises largely ensure favorable structural shifts in the economy. In most Russian regions, according to official statistics, extremely low rates of innovation activity have been recorded, which indicates the existence of problems that require identification and development of directions for their solution. However, it is important to understand that innovative behavior of enterprises in in the conditions of searching for solutions to problems, it can have different manifestations (which is determined by industry specialization, the “dimension” criterion, etc.). The aim of the study is to identify the specifics of innovative behavior of small, medium, and large innovative industrial enterprises in the region in the context of solving problems that hinder the increase in innovative activity. The research methodology is based on the developed case-study toolkit, which, in turn, is based on the results of a long-term survey of innovatively active enterprises in the region, primarily using sociological methods. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were formulated aimed at increasing the level of innovative activity of industrial enterprises in the region, taking into account the identified specifics of their innovative behavior.</p>