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Abstract <p>In this study, an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was used to extract direct red 80 (DR-80) dye from an aqueous solution as a technology to remove organic contaminants from industrial wastewater. The ELM was made up of tetra-<i>n</i>-butylammonium bromide as a carrier, Span 80 as an emulsifying agent, dichloromethane as a solvent, and ammonia as stripping phase. Critical operational parameters that could influence extraction efficiency were investigated and determined through the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. These parameters were carrier concentration, stripping phase concentration, ratio of stripping phase to membrane phase (S/M), and ratio of membrane phase to feed phase (Em/Ef). Then, through Design Expert and using the Box–Behnken method, twenty-nine experiments were carried out, and optimum values for maximizing extraction were obtained. Moreover, the stability of ELM leakage and swelling factors was evaluated. The optimal conditions for DR-80 dye extraction through the Box–Behnken method for ammonia concentration, carrier content, (S/M), and (Em/Ef) were 0.003 molar (M), 0.025 g/L, 1.4, and 0.6, respectively, and in this condition, the extraction of DR-80 was 100%. Therefore, it was concluded that the ELM process was a suitable method for removing and recovering DR-80 from wastewater.</p>

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Highly Efficient Removal of Direct Red-80 Dye from Aqueous Solution Using a New Emulsion Liquid Membrane: Application of Response Surface Methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Fatemeh Bahadori,
  • Maryam Heydari,
  • Vahid Javanbakht

摘要

Abstract

In this study, an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was used to extract direct red 80 (DR-80) dye from an aqueous solution as a technology to remove organic contaminants from industrial wastewater. The ELM was made up of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide as a carrier, Span 80 as an emulsifying agent, dichloromethane as a solvent, and ammonia as stripping phase. Critical operational parameters that could influence extraction efficiency were investigated and determined through the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. These parameters were carrier concentration, stripping phase concentration, ratio of stripping phase to membrane phase (S/M), and ratio of membrane phase to feed phase (Em/Ef). Then, through Design Expert and using the Box–Behnken method, twenty-nine experiments were carried out, and optimum values for maximizing extraction were obtained. Moreover, the stability of ELM leakage and swelling factors was evaluated. The optimal conditions for DR-80 dye extraction through the Box–Behnken method for ammonia concentration, carrier content, (S/M), and (Em/Ef) were 0.003 molar (M), 0.025 g/L, 1.4, and 0.6, respectively, and in this condition, the extraction of DR-80 was 100%. Therefore, it was concluded that the ELM process was a suitable method for removing and recovering DR-80 from wastewater.