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Abstract <p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) serve as key precursors in the formation of ambient air pollutants, rendering their efficient and environmentally benign abatement a critical priority in ecological and environmental protection. Among available technologies, photocatalysis has emerged as a highly promising approach for VOC removal, owing to its capacity for complete mineralization and absence of secondary pollution. Bismuth-based photocatalysts particularly those featuring layered crystal architectures, tunable bandgap energies, strong visible-light absorption, and high exceptional catalytic activity have attracted substantial research interest for VOC degradation. This review comprehensively outlines the fundamental principles governing photocatalytic VOC degradation and focuses on two representative bismuth-based material systems: BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) and Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>. We critically summarize recent advances in three core modification strategies heterostructure engineering, defect modulation, and metallic bismuth (Bi<sup>0</sup>) incorporation and elucidate the underlying mechanistic roles of each strategy in enhancing photocatalytic performance. Specifically, we analyze how these modifications influence the built-in electric field, active site density and functionality, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects, thereby improving charge carrier separation efficiency, extending spectral response into the visible region, and boosting reactive oxygen species generation. Finally, we propose future research directions centered on (i) deepening mechanistic understanding through <i>in situ</i>/<i>operando</i> characterization and theoretical modeling, (ii) developing rational synergistic modification protocols, and (iii) accelerating scalable synthesis and pilot-scale validation to facilitate industrial deployment.</p>

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Advances in Photocatalytic Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Bismuth-Based Catalysts (A Review)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Xinpeng Zhang,
  • Fengyang Li,
  • Yuxin Guo,
  • Zenan Ni

摘要

Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) serve as key precursors in the formation of ambient air pollutants, rendering their efficient and environmentally benign abatement a critical priority in ecological and environmental protection. Among available technologies, photocatalysis has emerged as a highly promising approach for VOC removal, owing to its capacity for complete mineralization and absence of secondary pollution. Bismuth-based photocatalysts particularly those featuring layered crystal architectures, tunable bandgap energies, strong visible-light absorption, and high exceptional catalytic activity have attracted substantial research interest for VOC degradation. This review comprehensively outlines the fundamental principles governing photocatalytic VOC degradation and focuses on two representative bismuth-based material systems: BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) and Bi2WO6. We critically summarize recent advances in three core modification strategies heterostructure engineering, defect modulation, and metallic bismuth (Bi0) incorporation and elucidate the underlying mechanistic roles of each strategy in enhancing photocatalytic performance. Specifically, we analyze how these modifications influence the built-in electric field, active site density and functionality, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects, thereby improving charge carrier separation efficiency, extending spectral response into the visible region, and boosting reactive oxygen species generation. Finally, we propose future research directions centered on (i) deepening mechanistic understanding through in situ/operando characterization and theoretical modeling, (ii) developing rational synergistic modification protocols, and (iii) accelerating scalable synthesis and pilot-scale validation to facilitate industrial deployment.