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Abstract <p>Phenazines are known to possess a wide range of biological activities and new methods for their synthesis are of high demand. Herein, a mechanochemical approach was proposed for the synthesis of benzo[<i>a</i>]phenazin-5-ols by the S<sub>N</sub><sup>H</sup>/S<sub>N</sub><sup><i>ipso</i></sup> tandem reaction between 1,4-naphthoquinone and <i>o</i>-phenylenediamines and their halo-disubstituted derivatives under ball-milling conditions. The advantages of the method are high atom economy, short reaction time, room temperature and solvent-free conditions, low E-factor and high yields of the target phenazines.</p>

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Mechanochemical Synthesis of Benzo[a]phenazin-5-ol and Its 9,10-Dihalo-Substituted Derivatives under Ball-Milling Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Aqeel M. K. Altobee,
  • Vadim V. Nadtochiy,
  • Wahab K. A. Al-Ithawi,
  • Mohammad Alahmad,
  • Igor S. Kovalev,
  • Dmitry S. Kopchuk,
  • Sougata Santra,
  • Grigory V. Zyryanov

摘要

Abstract

Phenazines are known to possess a wide range of biological activities and new methods for their synthesis are of high demand. Herein, a mechanochemical approach was proposed for the synthesis of benzo[a]phenazin-5-ols by the SNH/SNipso tandem reaction between 1,4-naphthoquinone and o-phenylenediamines and their halo-disubstituted derivatives under ball-milling conditions. The advantages of the method are high atom economy, short reaction time, room temperature and solvent-free conditions, low E-factor and high yields of the target phenazines.