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Abstract <p>Bacteriorhodopsin is one of the most extensively studied membrane proteins. Since its discovery 55 years ago, thousands of papers have been published with the aim of elucidating its mechanism of action. Among these, structural biology studies are of particular importance, as they provide insight into the protein’s function at the most fundamental level. In this review, we summarize the key advances in the structural investigation of bacteriorhodopsin using the major high-resolution techniques: electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. We also attempt to address the following questions: what data are still lacking for a complete understanding of this protein’s function, and how can each of these methods contribute to filling these gaps?</p>

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Structural Studies of Bacteriorhodopsin: What Do We Know and What Did We Miss?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • M. A. Dubinnyi,
  • S. S. Bukhdruker,
  • V. I. Borshchevskiy,
  • M. V. Goncharuk,
  • I. S. Okhrimenko,
  • E. V. Bocharov,
  • S. A. Goncharuk

摘要

Abstract

Bacteriorhodopsin is one of the most extensively studied membrane proteins. Since its discovery 55 years ago, thousands of papers have been published with the aim of elucidating its mechanism of action. Among these, structural biology studies are of particular importance, as they provide insight into the protein’s function at the most fundamental level. In this review, we summarize the key advances in the structural investigation of bacteriorhodopsin using the major high-resolution techniques: electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. We also attempt to address the following questions: what data are still lacking for a complete understanding of this protein’s function, and how can each of these methods contribute to filling these gaps?