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Abstract <p><b>Objective:</b> To compare the efficiency of subcritical water <i>vs</i>. ethanol-water solutions for extracting components from rosemary leaves. <b>Methods:</b> Rosemary leaves were extracted using ethanol-water solutions (10–95%) via maceration/reflux and with subcritical water (130–150°C). Extracts were analyzed by GC-MS, both directly and after derivatization. <b>Results and Discussion:</b> About 100 components were identified. Ethanolic solutions were superior for extracting volatile terpenoids (e.g., camphor, borneol). Subcritical water at 150°C was most effective for non-volatile compounds, yielding the highest content of rosmarinic acid and other phenolic/carboxylic acids. Extraction efficiency for non-volatiles increased with temperature. <b>Conclusions:</b> 95% ethanol is optimal for volatile compound extraction, while subcritical water at 150°C is best for non-volatiles like rosmarinic acid. Subcritical water is a viable green method for obtaining bioactive compounds from rosemary.</p>

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A GC-MS Study of the Subcritical Water and Ethanolic Extracts of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Leaves

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • G. I. Vdovina,
  • L. V. Pavlova,
  • I. A. Platonov,
  • V. A. Kurkin

摘要

Abstract

Objective: To compare the efficiency of subcritical water vs. ethanol-water solutions for extracting components from rosemary leaves. Methods: Rosemary leaves were extracted using ethanol-water solutions (10–95%) via maceration/reflux and with subcritical water (130–150°C). Extracts were analyzed by GC-MS, both directly and after derivatization. Results and Discussion: About 100 components were identified. Ethanolic solutions were superior for extracting volatile terpenoids (e.g., camphor, borneol). Subcritical water at 150°C was most effective for non-volatile compounds, yielding the highest content of rosmarinic acid and other phenolic/carboxylic acids. Extraction efficiency for non-volatiles increased with temperature. Conclusions: 95% ethanol is optimal for volatile compound extraction, while subcritical water at 150°C is best for non-volatiles like rosmarinic acid. Subcritical water is a viable green method for obtaining bioactive compounds from rosemary.