Synthesis of Carbazole-Fused Triazole Scaffolds: Evaluation of Anticancer Activity and Molecular Docking Studies
摘要
Objective: The tricyclic carbazole nucleus exhibits various biological activities and is an integral part of many naturally occurring alkaloids and synthetic heterocyclic derivatives. In this work, we further explore a series of carbazole-fused triazole scaffolds. We report the synthesis and anticancer evaluation of a novel 9-((1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazol-4(9H)-one derivative rationally designed by incorporating two active pharmacophoric heterocyclic moieties, viz., carbazole and triazole, in one framework. Methods: All synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral methods, viz., 1H, 13C NMR, and LC-MS. In vitro cytotoxicity of 1,2,3-triazole-linked heterocyclic fragments was investigated using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against the BT474 cell line. Results and Discussion: All synthesized compounds possess an active 1,2,3-triazole moiety in their structure, and the carbazole nucleus has an oxo group at the 4th position. Compounds (Vc–Vg) displayed good anticancer activity with IC50 values ranging from 15.17 to 210.9 μM against the BT474 cell line as compared to the standard drug doxorubicin, which has an IC50 value of 2.32 μM. Molecular docking studies of these molecules revealed good binding interactions with their biochemical target, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which acts as a networking receptor. Conclusions: Compounds (Vc), (Ve), and (Vg) showed potent cytotoxicity against the BT474 cell line, and molecular docking studies demonstrated strong binding interactions that correlated well with the experimental results.