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Abstract <p>Forest-steppe ecosystems have a unique biological diversity and significantly contribute to the regional carbon balance. However, the degradation of oak groves, accompanied by changes in species composition, as well as increased fire risks in pine stands, make it difficult to forecast their climate-regulating functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of carbon distribution and assess the influence of exogenous factors on the formation of carbon pools in the Usman Pine Wood and Voronezh Upland Oak Grove. The study subjects were mature and overmature stands of coniferous and deciduous forests. A detailed inventory of carbon pools has been conducted under the most common types of forest growth conditions. The resulting data have confirmed the significant spatial heterogeneity and forest typological differences in the distribution of carbon stocks in the ecosystem components. In the pine forests of the Usman Pine Wood, a significant portion of carbon is concentrated in the litter, while its content in the oak groves is concentrated in soil and large woody debris. In the aboveground phytomass of oak groves, the average amount of carbon stocks is 92.5 t C/ha, which is 10% higher than their amount in the pine forests of the Usman Pine Wood (84.4 t C/ha). Significant differences are observed in the mortmass: in oak groves, the carbon stocks in large woody debris reach 49.2 t C/ha, which is twice as high as carbon stocks in pine forests (25.7 t C/ha). At the same time, the carbon pool in the forest litter is 12.5 t C/ha in pine forests, while its amount in oak groves is only 2.1 t C/ha, which reflects more intensive processes of organic matter mineralization in deciduous forests. The soil carbon pool (0–100 cm) has proven to be 58% higher in the upland oak groves (91.0 t C/ha) than in the pine forests of the Usman Pine Wood (57.6 t C/ha). Oak forest degradation is accompanied by the redistribution of carbon from the tree layer to the soil and mortmass, while pine forests exhibit a high vulnerability of phytomass and forest litter to fires and extreme climate events. The resulting data confirm the need to take into account the structural specifics of ecosystems when assessing carbon balance.</p>

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Ecosystem Carbon Stocks in the Voronezh Upland Oak Grove and Usman Pine Wood

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • S. S. Sheshnitsan,
  • I. V. Golyadkina,
  • N. S. Gorbunova,
  • T. L. Sheshnitsan,
  • A. V. Tsaregorodtsev,
  • A. A. Safonova

摘要

Abstract

Forest-steppe ecosystems have a unique biological diversity and significantly contribute to the regional carbon balance. However, the degradation of oak groves, accompanied by changes in species composition, as well as increased fire risks in pine stands, make it difficult to forecast their climate-regulating functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of carbon distribution and assess the influence of exogenous factors on the formation of carbon pools in the Usman Pine Wood and Voronezh Upland Oak Grove. The study subjects were mature and overmature stands of coniferous and deciduous forests. A detailed inventory of carbon pools has been conducted under the most common types of forest growth conditions. The resulting data have confirmed the significant spatial heterogeneity and forest typological differences in the distribution of carbon stocks in the ecosystem components. In the pine forests of the Usman Pine Wood, a significant portion of carbon is concentrated in the litter, while its content in the oak groves is concentrated in soil and large woody debris. In the aboveground phytomass of oak groves, the average amount of carbon stocks is 92.5 t C/ha, which is 10% higher than their amount in the pine forests of the Usman Pine Wood (84.4 t C/ha). Significant differences are observed in the mortmass: in oak groves, the carbon stocks in large woody debris reach 49.2 t C/ha, which is twice as high as carbon stocks in pine forests (25.7 t C/ha). At the same time, the carbon pool in the forest litter is 12.5 t C/ha in pine forests, while its amount in oak groves is only 2.1 t C/ha, which reflects more intensive processes of organic matter mineralization in deciduous forests. The soil carbon pool (0–100 cm) has proven to be 58% higher in the upland oak groves (91.0 t C/ha) than in the pine forests of the Usman Pine Wood (57.6 t C/ha). Oak forest degradation is accompanied by the redistribution of carbon from the tree layer to the soil and mortmass, while pine forests exhibit a high vulnerability of phytomass and forest litter to fires and extreme climate events. The resulting data confirm the need to take into account the structural specifics of ecosystems when assessing carbon balance.