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Abstract <p>This study emphasized the green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles utilizing the leaf extract of <i>Camphora</i>, which served as a natural reducing agent and stabilizer for the ZnO nanoparticles. The developed ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by several analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Visible), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and photoluminescence (PL). The XRD results confirmed that the ZnO nanoparticles were hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with an average crystallite size of approximately 13 nm. Meanwhile, TEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles are quasi-spherical in shape with an average diameter of 16 nm, indicating successful nanoparticle formation with a uniform morphology. The UV–Visible analysis showed a strong absorption peak at 334 nm, corresponding to a widened bandgap of 3.7&#xa0;eV due to quantum confinement. FTIR spectra confirmed the involvement of phytochemicals in nanoparticles formation and stabilization. BET analysis indicated mesoporosity with predominate pore diameter of 35–40 nm, enhancing surface reactivity. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated against methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight, where the ZnO nanoparticles achieved 97% degradation within 90 min. The high efficiency was attributed to nanoscale dimensions, oxygen vacancies and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species. Importantly, reusability tests demonstrated sustained performance with 92% efficiency retained after five cycles. These findings highlight <i>Camphora</i> mediated ZnO nanoparticles as eco-friendly, stable and highly efficient photocatalysts for potential applications in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.</p>

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Lattice Structure, Optical Emission, and Photocatalytic Response of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Route

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月1日

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  • K. Kanimozhi,
  • T. Jayakumari,
  • A. Muthuvel,
  • R. Sumethra

摘要

Abstract

This study emphasized the green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles utilizing the leaf extract of Camphora, which served as a natural reducing agent and stabilizer for the ZnO nanoparticles. The developed ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by several analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Visible), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and photoluminescence (PL). The XRD results confirmed that the ZnO nanoparticles were hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with an average crystallite size of approximately 13 nm. Meanwhile, TEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles are quasi-spherical in shape with an average diameter of 16 nm, indicating successful nanoparticle formation with a uniform morphology. The UV–Visible analysis showed a strong absorption peak at 334 nm, corresponding to a widened bandgap of 3.7 eV due to quantum confinement. FTIR spectra confirmed the involvement of phytochemicals in nanoparticles formation and stabilization. BET analysis indicated mesoporosity with predominate pore diameter of 35–40 nm, enhancing surface reactivity. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated against methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight, where the ZnO nanoparticles achieved 97% degradation within 90 min. The high efficiency was attributed to nanoscale dimensions, oxygen vacancies and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species. Importantly, reusability tests demonstrated sustained performance with 92% efficiency retained after five cycles. These findings highlight Camphora mediated ZnO nanoparticles as eco-friendly, stable and highly efficient photocatalysts for potential applications in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.