Abstract—A new model is proposed for calculating the half-lives of spontaneous fission (SF), cluster radioactivity and \(\alpha \) -decay of even–even and even–odd heavy and superheavy nuclei. All these processes are described in a unified way using collective coordinates of charge asymmetry and relative distance. An explanation of the isotopic dependences of the half-lives of SF and α-decay is given. The physical nature of the SF hindrance factor was investigated. For the first time, calculations of the half-lives of SF from K-isomeric states of actinides and superheavy nuclei were carried out. A method for extracting the nuclear spin value from experimental data on α-decay chains is proposed.
