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<b>Abstract</b>— <p>In this paper, the problems of determining the primary energy of cosmic rays caused by large fluctuations in the development of showers are considered in detail. A solution to these problems is proposed based on the method of fluctuation reduction (MFR). This method assumes the universality of the development of cascades formed by particles of the same energy and charge. It is shown that the correlation curves used in MFR fluctuate significantly less than the cascade curves. In this regard, the use of correlation curves allows one to significantly increase the accuracy of determining energy in individual events. The proposed technique is universal for various energies and nuclei.</p>

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Application of Universality in the Development of Cascade Processes for the Study of High-Energy Cosmic Particles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • A. Fedosimova,
  • S. Ibraimova,
  • I. Lebedev,
  • E. Bondar,
  • N. Yerezhep

摘要

Abstract—

In this paper, the problems of determining the primary energy of cosmic rays caused by large fluctuations in the development of showers are considered in detail. A solution to these problems is proposed based on the method of fluctuation reduction (MFR). This method assumes the universality of the development of cascades formed by particles of the same energy and charge. It is shown that the correlation curves used in MFR fluctuate significantly less than the cascade curves. In this regard, the use of correlation curves allows one to significantly increase the accuracy of determining energy in individual events. The proposed technique is universal for various energies and nuclei.