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Abstract <p>Compact young massive star clusters (YMSCs) contain dozens of O-, B-, and WR-type stars with powerful, fast winds within a radius of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\sim}1\)</EquationSource> <!--NuclPhys2560200Kalyashova-m1--> </InlineEquation> pc. In the turbulent environment of such clusters, particle acceleration by ensembles of shock waves and compression/rarefaction waves is possible. This work investigates the propagation and acceleration of particles in YMSCs using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with the open source code PLUTO and its built-in module for solving the equations of motion for test charged particles. It is shown that in the cluster core, near the termination shocks of O-star winds, as well as at the collective wind termination shock, protons are accelerated to energies <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\gtrsim}100\)</EquationSource> <!--NuclPhys2560200Kalyashova-m2--> </InlineEquation> TeV. The spatial and energy distributions of the particles are investigated.</p>

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Cosmic Ray Acceleration and Scattering in a 3D MHD Model of Compact Massive Star Clusters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • M. E. Kalyashova,
  • A. M. Bykov,
  • D. V. Badmaev

摘要

Abstract

Compact young massive star clusters (YMSCs) contain dozens of O-, B-, and WR-type stars with powerful, fast winds within a radius of \({\sim}1\) pc. In the turbulent environment of such clusters, particle acceleration by ensembles of shock waves and compression/rarefaction waves is possible. This work investigates the propagation and acceleration of particles in YMSCs using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with the open source code PLUTO and its built-in module for solving the equations of motion for test charged particles. It is shown that in the cluster core, near the termination shocks of O-star winds, as well as at the collective wind termination shock, protons are accelerated to energies \({\gtrsim}100\) TeV. The spatial and energy distributions of the particles are investigated.